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However, safety issues must be resolved to attain the optimal potential of newer nano-drug formulations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study\u00a0investigated  the toxicological potential of synthesized Tenofovir Nanoparticles (TDF-N) on testicular indices when used for the prevention and treatment of HIV.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifteen male Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats with weight  ranging\u00a0from 230\u00a0g to 250\u00a0g were randomly assigned into groups A (control, saline), B (TDF), and C (TDF-N). The\u00a0testes were removed for sperm analysis and processed for H\/E and PAS stains. Cell counts and cellular measurements; the diameter and the area of the testicular seminiferous tubules were measured using ImageJ and Leica software 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A significant reduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in sperm count was noticed in the TDF-N group. Also observed in the TDF and TDF-N groups was a significant reduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in sperm motility and\u00a0in the number of dead sperms compared with the control. Sperm abnormalities such as distorted basement membranes, loss of germ cells, hypocellular interstitium, and loss of spermatogenic series were increased in the TDF and TDF-N groups. There was also a significant reduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the cell count, diameter, and area of seminiferous tubules observed in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TDF and TDF-N may be detrimental to the testis and testicular\u00a0tissue, leading to significantly reduced sperm counts, motility, and ultimately\u2013male fertility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04002-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T16:02:36Z","timestamp":1711382556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Histomorphometric changes in testis following administration of tenofovir nanoparticles in an animal model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Edwin Coleridge","family":"Naidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Oluwaseun","family":"Olojede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sodiq Kolawole","family":"Lawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyemaechi Okpara","family":"Azu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"4002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.05.005","volume":"11","author":"M Hofmann-Amtenbrink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hofmann-Amtenbrink M, Grainger DW, Hofmann H. 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