{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:55:53Z","timestamp":1775811353830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discover Nano"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T01:59:32Z","timestamp":1755136772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Histopathological and biochemical profiling of Carfilzomib-loaded Fe\u2013Co MOFs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Hajinezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Barani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Sargazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-021-03613-w","volume":"193","author":"S Sargazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sargazi S, Abghari AZ, Sarani H, Sheervalilou R, Mirinejad S, Saravani R, Eskandari E. Relationship between CASP9 and CASP10 gene polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021;193:4172\u201396.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"4334_CR2","first-page":"141","volume":"79","author":"AJ Sawyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sawyer AJ, Piepmeier JM, Saltzman WM. New methods for direct delivery of chemotherapy for treating brain tumors. Yale J Biol Med. 2006;79:141\u201352.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"4334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-025-03944-6","volume":"79","author":"R Foroutan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Foroutan R, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadi R, Javanbakht S. Carboxymethyl cellulose\/hydroxyapatite\/Fe3O4 bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads: an efficient oral pH-responsive carrier for doxorubicin delivery. Chem Pap. 2025;79:2461\u201370.","journal-title":"Chem Pap"},{"key":"4334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J-J, Xue S-J, Mei Z-H, Li T-T, Li H-F, Zhuang X-F, Pan L-M. (2024) Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of a PH-responsive Fe-MOF@GO composite drug delivery system for the treating colorectal cancer. Heliyon 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28066"},{"key":"4334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03252-x","volume":"23","author":"Z Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo Z, Xiao Y, Wu W, Zhe M, Yu P, Shakya S, Li Z, Xing F. Metal\u2013organic framework-based smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:157.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.10.041","volume":"352","author":"HH Gadalla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadalla HH, Lee S, Kim H, Armstrong AT, Fathalla D, Habib F, Jeong H, Lee W, Yeo Y. Size optimization of Carfilzomib nanocrystals for systemic delivery to solid tumors. J Controlled Release. 2022;352:637\u201351.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"4334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2025.100462","volume":"10","author":"S Javanbakht","year":"2025","unstructured":"Javanbakht S, Poursadegh H, Darvishi S, Mohammadzadeh A, Saboury A, Joulaei M, Mohammadi R. Application or function of cyclodextrin in insulin and cell delivery for efficient diabetic treatment. Hybrid Adv. 2025;10:100462.","journal-title":"Hybrid Adv"},{"key":"4334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J-J, Xue S-J, Mei Z-H, Li T-T, Li H-F, Zhuang X-F, Pan L-M. (2024) Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of a PH-responsive Fe-MOF@GO composite drug delivery system for the treating colorectal cancer. Heliyon 10, e28066.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28066"},{"key":"4334_CR9","first-page":"100794","volume":"10","author":"A Mohammadzadeh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammadzadeh A, Javanbakht S, Mohammadi R. Encapsulation of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) with dialdehyde starch through Schiff-base imine: a development of a pH-responsive core-shell fluorescent nanocarrier for doxorubicin delivery. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl. 2025;10:100794.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl"},{"key":"4334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugumar D, Keller J, Vij R. (2015) Targeted treatments for multiple myeloma: specific role of Carfilzomib. Pharmacogenomics Personalized Med, 23\u201333.","DOI":"10.2147\/PGPM.S39085"},{"key":"4334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.01.008","volume":"109","author":"Y Jun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jun Y, Xu J, Kim H, Park JE, Jeong YS, Min JS, Yoon N, Choi JY, Yoo J, Bae SK, Chung SJ, Yeo Y, Lee W. Carfilzomib delivery by quinic acid-conjugated nanoparticles: discrepancy between tumoral drug accumulation and anticancer efficacy in a murine 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model. J Pharm Sci. 2020;109:1615\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"4334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104285","volume":"81","author":"M Moharramnejad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moharramnejad M, Ehsani A, Shahi M, Gharanli S, Saremi H, Malekshah RE, Basmenj ZS, Salmani S, Mohammadi M. MOF as nanoscale drug delivery devices: synthesis and recent progress in biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;81:104285.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"4334_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c00830","volume":"24","author":"R Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen R, Yang J, Mao Y, Zhao X, Cheng R, Deng C, Zhong Z. Antibody-Mediated nanodrug of proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib boosts the treatment of multiple myeloma. Biomacromolecules. 2023;24:5371\u201380.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"4334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.118271","volume":"346","author":"A Rahdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahdar A, Hajinezhad MR, Sargazi S, Barani M, Karimi P, Velasco B, Taboada P, Pandey S, Bameri Z, Zarei S. Pluronic F127\/carfilzomib-based nanomicelles as promising nanocarriers: synthesis, characterization, biological, and in silico evaluations. J Mol Liq. 2022;346:118271.","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"4334_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02922-9","volume":"37","author":"P Agbana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agbana P, Lee MJ, Rychahou P, Kim K-B, Bae Y. Ternary polypeptide nanoparticles with improved encapsulation, sustained release, and enhanced in vitro efficacy of Carfilzomib. Pharm Res. 2020;37:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"4334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.059709","volume":"15","author":"JD Federspiel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Federspiel JD, Codreanu SG, Goyal S, Albertolle ME, Lowe E, Teague J, Wong H, Guengerich FP, Liebler DC. Specificity of protein covalent modification by the electrophilic proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib in human cells. Mol Cell Proteomics: MCP. 2016;15:3233\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics: MCP"},{"key":"4334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00423-3","volume":"12","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zheng L, Yang Y, Qian X, Fu T, Li X, Yang Z, Yan H, Cui C, Tan W. Metal\u2013organic framework nanocarriers for drug delivery in biomedical applications. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020;12:103.","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett"},{"key":"4334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-011-1147-1","volume":"459","author":"M Catta-Preta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Catta-Preta M, Mendonca LS, Fraulob-Aquino J, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. A critical analysis of three quantitative methods of assessment of hepatic steatosis in liver biopsies. Virchows Arch. 2011;459:477\u201385.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"4334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95:351\u20138.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"4334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10071308","volume":"10","author":"LDC Vera-Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vera-Nu\u00f1ez LDC, Cornejo-Ruiz JO, Arenas-Ch\u00e1vez CA, de Hollanda LM, Alvarez-Risco A, Del-Aguila-Arcentales S, Davies NM, Y\u00e1\u00f1ez JA, Vera-Gonzales C. Green synthesis of a novel silver nanoparticle conjugated with Thelypteris glandulosolanosa (Raqui-Raqui): preliminary characterization and anticancer activity. Processes. 2022;10:1308.","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"4334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/catal10040422","volume":"10","author":"Solyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solyman SM, Darwish MSA, Yoon J. Catalytic activity of hybrid iron oxide silver nanoparticles in Methyl methacrylate polymerization. Catalysts. 2020;10:422.","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"4334_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4819","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.4819","volume":"33","author":"M Yadollahi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yadollahi M, Hamadi H, Nobakht V. Tandem magnetization and post-synthetic metal ion exchange of metal\u2013organic framework: synthesis, characterization and catalytic study. Appl Organomet Chem. 2019;33:e4819.","journal-title":"Appl Organomet Chem"},{"key":"4334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma D, Wang G, Lu J, Zeng X, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Lin N, Chen Q. (2023) Multifunctional nano MOF drug delivery platform in combination therapy. Eur J Med Chem, 115884.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115884"},{"key":"4334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04019-3","volume":"19","author":"MH Razeghi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Razeghi MH, Gholipour O, Sardroodi JJ, Keshipour S, Hassanzadeh A. Magnetic Cobalt metal organic framework for photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen evolution. Discover Nano. 2024;19:82.","journal-title":"Discover Nano"},{"key":"4334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13050953","volume":"13","author":"S Elmehrath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elmehrath S, Nguyen HL, Karam SM, Amin A, Greish YE. BioMOF-based anti-cancer drug delivery systems. Nanomaterials. 2023;13:953.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"4334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB00027C","volume":"11","author":"Z Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Z, Li T, Mei T, Liu Y, Wu K, Le W, Hu Y. Nanoscale MOFs in nanomedicine applications: from drug delivery to therapeutic agents. J Mater Chem B. 2023;11:3273\u201394.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"4334_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122675","volume":"634","author":"S Karimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karimi S, Namazi H. Fabrication of biocompatible magnetic maltose\/MIL-88 metal\u2013organic frameworks decorated with folic acid-chitosan for targeted and pH-responsive controlled release of doxorubicin. Int J Pharm. 2023;634:122675.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"4334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.126933","volume":"293","author":"E Aghazadeh Asl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aghazadeh Asl E, Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H. Chitosan coated MOF\/GO nanohybrid as a co-anticancer drug delivery vehicle: synthesis, characterization, and drug delivery application. Mater Chem Phys. 2023;293:126933.","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"4334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2017.02.005","volume":"2","author":"I Ab\u00e1nades L\u00e1zaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ab\u00e1nades L\u00e1zaro I, Haddad S, Sacca S, Orellana-Tavra C, Fairen-Jimenez D, Forgan RS. Selective surface pegylation of UiO-66 nanoparticles for enhanced stability, cell uptake, and pH-responsive drug delivery. Chem. 2017;2:561\u201378.","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"4334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c02954","volume":"36","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Obacz J, Emanuelli G, Chambers JE, Abreu S, Chen X, Linnane E, Mehta JP, Wheatley AEH, Marciniak SJ, Fairen-Jimenez D. Enhancing drug delivery efficacy through bilayer coating of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks: sustained release and improved chemical stability and cellular uptake for cancer therapy. Chem Materials: Publication Am Chem Soc. 2024;36:3588\u2013603.","journal-title":"Chem Materials: Publication Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"4334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5912","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c00380","volume":"61","author":"M Parsaei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parsaei M, Akhbari K. MOF-801 as a nanoporous water-based carrier system for in situ encapsulation and sustained release of 5-FU for effective cancer therapy. Inorg Chem. 2022;61:5912\u201325.","journal-title":"Inorg Chem"},{"key":"4334_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai W, Wang J, Chu C, Chen W, Wu C, Liu G. (2019) Metal-organic framework-based stimuli-responsive systems for drug delivery. Adv sci Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 6, 1801526.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801526"},{"key":"4334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2017-0387","volume":"13","author":"K Gokduman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gokduman K, Bestepe F, Li L, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Dose-, treatment-and time-dependent toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on primary rat hepatocytes. Nanomedicine. 2018;13:1267\u201384.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"4334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.104009","volume":"79","author":"S Bazzazan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bazzazan S, Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Lalami ZA, Bazzazan S, Mehrarya M, Yeganeh FE, Hejabi F, Akbarzadeh I, Noorbazargan H, Jahanbakhshi M. Engineered UIO-66 metal-organic framework for delivery of Curcumin against breast cancer cells: an in vitro evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;79:104009.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"4334_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathi PR, Tama M, Kundumadam S, Naylor P, Mutchnick M. (2018) A case of acute liver failure due to Carfilzomib in multiple myeloma. J Clin Pharm Ther 43.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12741"},{"key":"4334_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"G Georgiopoulos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Georgiopoulos G, Makris N, Laina A, Theodorakakou F, Briasoulis A, Trougakos IP, Dimopoulos M-A, Kastritis E, Stamatelopoulos K. Cardiovascular toxicity of proteasome inhibitors: underlying mechanisms and management strategies: JACC: cardiooncology state-of-the-art review. Cardio Oncol. 2023;5:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Cardio Oncol"},{"key":"4334_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2016.1143071","volume":"26","author":"NO Al-Harbi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Harbi NO. Carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity mitigated by Dexrazoxane through Inhibition of hypertrophic gene expression and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2016;26:189\u201395.","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"key":"4334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12193398","volume":"12","author":"S Lan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lan S, Zhang J, Li X, Pan L, Li J, Wu X, Yang S-T. Low toxicity of metal-organic framework MOF-74 (Co) nano-particles in vitro and in vivo. Nanomaterials. 2022;12:3398.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"4334_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25425","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c03451","volume":"18","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Chen H, Kaziem AE, Miao X, Huang S, Cheng D, Xu H, Zhang Z. Effects of exposure to different types of metal\u2013organic framework nanoparticles on the gut microbiota and liver metabolism of adult zebrafish. ACS Nano. 2024;18:25425\u201345.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4334_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2020.126547","volume":"61","author":"S Fakharzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fakharzadeh S, Argani H, Torbati PM, Dadashzadeh S, Kalanaky S, Nazaran MH, Basiri A. DIBc nano metal-organic framework improves biochemical and pathological parameters of experimental chronic kidney disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020;61:126547.","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Discover Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T13:04:45Z","timestamp":1757423085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-025-04334-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-9229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-9229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol of this study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Zabol (Ethical code: IR.UOZ.REC.1403.003). All injection protocols and handling were carried out strictly to the guidelines of care outlined in the NIH publication no. 85\u201323, ensuring the ethical treatment of laboratory animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publications"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"135"}}