{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:17:14Z","timestamp":1775744234353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002352","name":"Ain Shams University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discover Nano"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (LOAD) is progressive cognitive deficits associated with different abnormalities as cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Magnolol is a polyphenolic compound\u00a0that abrogated the neurodegenerative disease. The application of nanoparticles in medicine showed high bioavailability and low side effects for development of novel effective therapies. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of magnolol nanoparticles against streptozotocin (STZ) injected in intracerebroventricularly (ICV) induced Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In current study, six groups of male Wister rats (10 rats\/ group) were injected with STZ (2\u00a0mg\/kg) in ICV bilaterally for induction of pathological features similar to AD. Rats were then treated with either magnolol or nano-magnolol or donepezil (\n                      <jats:italic>p.o<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Behavioral analysis was evaluated as the Morris Water Maze (MWM), Y-Maze, Novel Object Recognition (NOR), Passive Avoidance (PA), Elevated plus Maze (EPM), and Open Field Test (OFT). In addition, biochemical markers including brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), B-secretase1 (BACE1) activities and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB) were analyzed in hippocampal tissue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data obtained showed that nano-magnolol significantly showed a neuroprotective effect in LOAD rat model by restoring GST activity and effectively decreased the activities of AChE, BACE1 and level of NF-\u03baB compared to both donepezil and magnolol. Molecular docking studies indicated strengthen the affinity of magnolol to the BACE-1 active site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nano-magnolol is promising in developing a new agent targeting cholinergic function, amyloidogenesis, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress reflecting its potent neuroprotective efficacy in AD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:36:18Z","timestamp":1775741778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nano-magnolol enhances the modulatory effects of magnolol on cognitive performance and BACE1-related biochemical changes in an STZ-induced rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Basma","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehab A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Said S.","family":"Moselhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"ElShebiney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa K.","family":"ELabd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"4506_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10121298","volume":"10","author":"HM Abdallah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdallah HM, El Sayed NS, Sirwi A, Ibrahim SR, Mohamed GA, Abdel Rasheed NO. Mangostanaxanthone IV ameliorates streptozotocin-induced neuro-inflammation, amyloid deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation via modulating PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway. Biology Basel. 2021;10(12):1298.","journal-title":"Biology Basel"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00681-7","volume":"28","author":"A Akhtar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akhtar A, Dhaliwal J, Saroj P, Uniyal A, Bishnoi M, Sah SP. Chromium picolinate attenuates cognitive deficit in ICV-STZ rat paradigm of sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s-like dementia via targeting neuroinflammatory and IRS-1\/PI3K\/AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway. Inflammopharmacology. 2020;28(2):385\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-019-00681-7.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs9030024","volume":"9","author":"A Almahozi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almahozi A, Radhi M, Alzayer S, Kamal A. Effects of Memantine in a mouse model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Behav Sci. 2019;9(3):Article 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs9030024.","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"4506_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450120666191118123151","volume":"21","author":"G Altinoglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altinoglu G, Adali T. Alzheimer\u2019s disease targeted nano-based drug delivery systems. Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(7):628\u201346.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0245","volume":"96","author":"M Arabian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arabian M, Aboutaleb N, Soleimani M, Ajami M, Habibey R, Rezaei Y, et al. Preconditioning with morphine protects hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury via activation of the mTOR pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018;96(1):80\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0245.","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4506_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.01.030","volume":"113","author":"D Bi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bi D, Bao H, Yang X, Wu Z, Yang X, Xu G, et al. BACE1-dependent cleavage of GABAA receptor contributes to neural hyperexcitability and disease progression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron. 2025;113(7):1051-1064.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.01.030.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"24","key":"4506_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5789","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789","volume":"25","author":"Z Breijyeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Comprehensive review on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: causes and treatment. Molecules. 2020;25(24):5789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25245789.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"18","key":"4506_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813900","volume":"24","author":"FR Buccellato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buccellato FR, D\u2019Anca M, Tartaglia GM, Del Fabbro M, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: beyond symptomatic therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(18):Article 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241813900.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4506_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550709","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1550709","volume":"16","author":"F Cavaleri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cavaleri F. Reevaluating the role of amyloid \u03b2-peptides in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from pathogenic agents to protective chelation mechanisms. Front Neurol. 2025;16:1550709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1550709.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4506_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060927","volume":"13","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L, Hern\u00e1ndez-Luna J, Aiello-Mora M, Brito-Aguilar R, Evelson PA, Villarreal-R\u00edos R, et al. APOE peripheral and brain impact: APOE4 carriers accelerate their Alzheimer continuum and have a high risk of suicide in PM2.5 polluted cities. Biomolecules. 2023;13(6):927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13060927.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/mhw.33505","volume":"33","author":"VA Canady","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canady VA. FDA approves new treatment for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ment Health Wkly. 2023;33(3):6\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mhw.33505.","journal-title":"Ment Health Wkly"},{"key":"4506_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175221082834","volume":"37","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Zhornitsky S, Chao HH, van Dyck CH, Li C-SR. Emotion processing dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an overview of behavioral findings, systems neural correlates, and underlying neural biology. Am J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis Other Dementias\u00ae. 2022;37:15333175221082834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15333175221082834.","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis Other Dementias\u00ae"},{"key":"4506_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.11.008","volume":"105","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen H, Fu W, Chen H, You S, Liu X, Yang Y, et al. Magnolol attenuates the inflammation and enhances phagocytosis through the activation of MAPK, NF-\u03baB signal pathways in vitro and in vivo. Mol Immunol. 2019;105:96\u2013106.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4506_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1808","volume":"14","author":"Q Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Q, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Toxicokinetics, dose\u2013response, and risk assessment of nanomaterials: methodology, challenges, and future perspectives. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022;14(6):e1808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wnan.1808.","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4506_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.031","volume":"59","author":"J Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng J, Dong S, Yi L, Geng D, Liu Q. Magnolol abrogates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;59:61\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/976908","volume":"2015","author":"C Chiapinotto Spiazzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiapinotto Spiazzi C, Bucco Soares M, Pinto Izaguirry A, Musacchio Vargas L, Zanchi MM, Frasson Pavin N, et al. Selenofuranoside ameliorates memory loss in Alzheimer-like sporadic dementia: AChE activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation involvement. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015(1):976908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/976908.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4506_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2022.117070","volume":"75","author":"J Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu J, Yang R, Cheng W, Cui L, Pan H, Liu J, et al. Semisynthesis, biological activities, and mechanism studies of Mannich base analogues of magnolol\/honokiol as potential \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2022;75:117070.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"4506_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101636","volume":"78","author":"L Culig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;78:101636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101636.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4506_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07871-4","volume":"46","author":"N Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong N, Ali-Khiavi P, Ghavamikia N, Pakmehr S, Sotoudegan F, Hjazi A, et al. Nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: bypassing the blood-brain barrier with cutting-edge nanotechnology. Neurol Sci. 2025;46(4):1489\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07871-4.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","volume":"7","author":"GL Ellman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961;7(2):88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.09.001","volume":"64","author":"A Elsaesser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elsaesser A, Howard CV. Toxicology of nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64(2):129\u201337.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"4506_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S63395","volume":"9","author":"I Elsayed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elsayed I, Abdelbary AA, Elshafeey AH. Nanosizing of a poorly soluble drug: technique optimization, factorial analysis, and pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:2943\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S63395.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02461-z","volume":"10","author":"A Fania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fania A, Monaco A, Amoroso N, Bellantuono L, Cazzolla Gatti R, Firza N, et al. A dementia mortality rates dataset in Italy (2012\u20132019). Sci Data. 2023;10(1):564.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"5","key":"4506_CR24","first-page":"1672","volume":"12","author":"T Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao T, Xu H, Jia S, Cai Z, Chen B, Fan G, et al. Magnolol induces human Ewing sarcoma SK-ES-1 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Am J Transl Res. 2020;12(5):1672.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24292-5","volume":"12","author":"A G\u00e1sp\u00e1r","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1r A, Hutka B, Ernyey AJ, Tajti BT, Varga BT, Z\u00e1dori ZS, et al. Performance of the intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin Alzheimer\u2019s disease model in a translationally relevant, aged and experienced rat population. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):20247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-24292-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4506_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.025","volume":"285","author":"B Grayson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grayson B, Leger M, Piercy C, Adamson L, Harte M, Neill JC. Assessment of disease-related cognitive impairments using the novel object recognition (NOR) task in rodents. Behav Brain Res. 2015;285:176\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.025.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4506_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.02.001","volume":"89","author":"H Hampel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hampel H, Vassar R, De Strooper B, Hardy J, Willem M, Singh N, et al. The \u03b2-Secretase BACE1 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89(8):745\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.02.001.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.2174\/0113862073255964230927105959","volume":"27","author":"L Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao L, Zhong X, Yu R, Chen J, Li W, Chen Y, et al. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to Decipher the anti-inflammatory effects of magnolol on LPS-inducedRAW264.7 cells. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2024;27(3):462\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113862073255964230927105959.","journal-title":"Comb Chem High Throughput Screen"},{"key":"4506_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228679","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1228679","volume":"11","author":"L Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu L, Tao Y, Jiang Y, Qin F. Recent progress of nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1228679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1228679.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"4506_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101017","volume":"23","author":"H Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang H, Su L, Sun Y, Li B, Deng J, Cao Z. Dietary magnolol inclusion improves the antioxidant and immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquac Rep. 2022;23:101017.","journal-title":"Aquac Rep"},{"key":"4506_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igart\u00faa DE, G\u00f3mez Mart\u00ednez C, Alonso S del V, Prieto MJ. Combined therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020;21. https:\/\/sedici.unlp.edu.ar\/handle\/10915\/139237","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01652-w"},{"key":"4506_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510798","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1510798","volume":"16","author":"J Jia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jia J, Zhao S, Zhao J, Gao Y. Engineered nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1510798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1510798.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4506_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6217","volume":"367","author":"E Joe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joe E, Ringman JM. Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical management and prevention. BMJ. 2019;367:l6217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6217.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/68890","volume":"8","author":"S Kaliappan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaliappan S, Liu C, Jain Y, Karkar R, Saha K. Online communities as a support system for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Care: large-scale exploratory study. JMIR Aging. 2025;8(1):e68890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/68890.","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"4506_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kareva I. The many roads to dementia: A systems view of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (No. arXiv:2504.05441). arXiv. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2504.05441","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2504.05441"},{"key":"4506_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-02979-z","author":"A Knezovic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Knezovic A, Hosch M, Hamann CS, Popp S, Ortega G, Osmanovic-Barilar J, et al. Approaching therapy of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via the antidiabetic drug liraglutide: a study with streptozotocin intracerebroventricularly treated Wistar rats. J Neural Transm. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-025-02979-z.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"4","key":"4506_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1394-4","volume":"122","author":"A Knezovic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knezovic A, Osmanovic-Barilar J, Curlin M, Hof PR, Simic G, Riederer P, et al. Staging of cognitive deficits and neuropathological and ultrastructural changes in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm. 2015;122(4):577\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-015-1394-4.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"4506_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kraeuter A-K, Guest PC, Sarnyai Z. The Y-maze for assessment of spatial working and reference memory in mice. In: Guest PC, editor. Pre-clinical models. Springer New York; 2019. Vol. 1916, pp. 105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_10"},{"key":"4506_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113100","volume":"402","author":"S Labban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labban S, Alghamdi BS, Alshehri FS, Kurdi M. Effects of melatonin and resveratrol on recognition memory and passive avoidance performance in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Behav Brain Res. 2021;402:113100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113100.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05653-2","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Zhao Z, Fassini A, Lee HK, Green RJ, Gomperts SN. Impaired hippocampal circuit function underlying memory encoding and consolidation precede robust A\u03b2 deposition in a mouse model of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):21957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-05653-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4506_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.632767","volume":"12","author":"Y Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Tian B, Qu X, Yuan Q, et al. Pharmacology, toxicity, bioavailability, and formulation of magnolol: an update. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:632767.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4506_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.872530","volume":"14","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu S, Jie C, Zheng W, Cui J, Wang Z. Investigation of underlying association between whole brain regions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a research based on an artificial intelligence model. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:872530.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4506_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040226","volume":"47","author":"Q Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu Q, Meng Y, Feng H, Di X, Guo X. Evaluation of the anti-Alzheimer activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in A\u03b21\u201342-induced neurotoxicity in rat model. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025;47(4):Article 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb47040226.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"4506_CR44","first-page":"55718","volume":"126","author":"LM Lueptow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lueptow LM. Novel object recognition test for the investigation of learning and memory in mice. J Vis Exp. 2017;126:55718.","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031222","volume":"26","author":"B Merta\u015f","year":"2025","unstructured":"Merta\u015f B, Bo\u015fgelmez \u0130\u0130. The role of genetic, environmental, and dietary factors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):1222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26031222.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4506_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.10.004","volume":"228","author":"P Millot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Millot P, San C, Bennana E, Porte B, Vignal N, Hugon J, et al. STAT3 inhibition protects against neuroinflammation and BACE1 upregulation induced by systemic inflammation. Immunol Lett. 2020;228:129\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.10.004.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12197","volume":"11","author":"TK Mohapatra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohapatra TK, Nayak RR, Ganeshpurkar A, Tiwari P, Kumar D. Navigating the treatment landscape of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current strategies and future directions. Ibrain. 2025;11(2):162\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibra.12197.","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"issue":"20","key":"4506_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3397.PMID:33654898;PMCID:PMC7853929","volume":"9","author":"D Moreira-Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moreira-Silva D, Vizin RCL, Martins TMS, Ferreira TL, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. Intracerebral injection of streptozotocin to model Alzheimer disease in rats. Bio Protoc. 2019;9(20):e3397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/BioProtoc.3397.PMID:33654898;PMCID:PMC7853929.","journal-title":"Bio Protoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"4506_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111689","volume":"9","author":"MP-G Moreta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreta MP-G, Burgos-Alonso N, Torrecilla M, Marco-Contelles J, Bruzos-Cid\u00f3n C. Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on cognitive function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Rev Rev Biomed. 2021;9(11):1689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9111689.","journal-title":"Rev Rev Biomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00897-z","volume":"37","author":"NA Noor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noor NA, Hosny EN, Khadrawy YA, Mourad IM, Othman AI, Aboul Ezz HS, et al. Effect of curcumin nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced male Wistar rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Metab Brain Dis. 2022;37(2):343\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-021-00897-z.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4506_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00181","volume":"10","author":"D Oehlrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oehlrich D, Peschiulli A, Tresadern G, Van Gool M, Vega JA, De Lucas AI, et al. Evaluation of a series of \u03b2-secretase 1 inhibitors containing novel heteroaryl-fused-piperazine amidine warheads. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2019;10(8):1159\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00181.","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"4506_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094380","volume":"26","author":"B Olas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olas B. The cardioprotective effect of Magnolia officinalis and its major bioactive chemical constituents. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(9):4380.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4506_CR53","first-page":"300","volume":"2","author":"PK Panegyres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panegyres PK, Chen H-Y. Differences between early and late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2013;2(4):300\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"4506_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.01.017","volume":"50","author":"HA Parray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parray HA, Lone J, Park JP, Choi JW, Yun JW. Magnolol promotes thermogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition. 2018;50:82\u201390.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"15","key":"4506_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152557","volume":"17","author":"N Puranik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Puranik N, Kumari M, Tiwari S, Dhakal T, Song M. Resveratrol as a therapeutic agent in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: evidence from clinical studies. Nutrients. 2025;17(15):2557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17152557.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4506_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2021.02.004","volume":"10","author":"A Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao A, Li J, Hu Y, Wang J, Zhao Z. Reduction BACE1 expression via suppressing NF-\u03baB mediated signaling by Tamibarotene in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2021;10:153\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2021.02.004.","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000700","volume":"25","author":"GD Rabinovici","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabinovici GD. Late-onset Alzheimer disease. Continuum. 2019;25(1):14\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000000700.","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"issue":"12","key":"4506_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01559-0","volume":"14","author":"B Rossier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rossier B, Jordan O, All\u00e9mann E, Rodr\u00edguez-Nogales C. Nanocrystals and nanosuspensions: an exploration from classic formulations to advanced drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2024;14(12):3438\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01559-0.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.144.4","volume":"13","author":"R Sahraei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahraei R, Aminyavari S, Hosseini M, Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Foadoddini M, Saebipour MR. The ameliorative impact of Centella asiatica on the working memory deficit in Streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer disease. Basic Clin Neurosci J. 2022;13(1):25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.2021.144.4.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0877-9","volume":"120","author":"M Salkovic-Petrisic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salkovic-Petrisic M, Knezovic A, Hoyer S, Riederer P. What have we learned from the streptozotocin-induced animal model of sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease, about the therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer\u2019s research. J Neural Transm. 2013;120(1):233\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-012-0877-9.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"4506_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15080-7_98","volume-title":"Handbook of neurotoxicity","author":"M Salkovic-Petrisic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salkovic-Petrisic M, Perhoc AB, Homolak J, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Riederer P. Experimental approach to Alzheimer\u2019s disease with emphasis on insulin resistance in the brain. In: Handbook of neurotoxicity. Cham: Springer; 2022. p. 1657\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15080-7_98."},{"issue":"10284","key":"4506_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","volume":"397","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheltens P, Strooper BD, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Ch\u00e9telat G, Teunissen CE, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet. 2021;397(10284):1577\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06496","volume":"7","author":"NP Scioscia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scioscia NP, Pensel PE, Denegri GM, Elissondo MC. Development of an improved anesthesia protocol to increase CF1 mice survival in a portal vein infection with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato protoscoleces. Heliyon. 2021;7(3):e06496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06496.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4506_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102363","volume":"134","author":"S Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao S, Ye X, Su W, Wang Y. Curcumin alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease by inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activating the AMPK pathway. J Chem Neuroanat. 2023;134:102363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102363.","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"4506_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148175","volume":"1799","author":"SSL Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva SSL, Tureck LV, Souza LC, Mello-Hortega JV, Piumbini AL, Teixeira MD, et al. Animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease induced by streptozotocin: new insights about cholinergic pathway. Brain Res. 2023;1799:148175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148175.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4506_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092587","volume":"11","author":"BS Sivamaruthi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sivamaruthi BS, Raghani N, Chorawala M, Bhattacharya S, Prajapati BG, Elossaily GM, et al. NF-\u03baB pathway and its inhibitors: a promising frontier in the management of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biomedicines. 2023;11(9):2587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11092587.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.10.036","volume":"77","author":"S Sonkusare","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sonkusare S, Srinivasan K, Kaul C, Ramarao P. Effect of donepezil and lercanidipine on memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Life Sci. 2005;77(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.10.036.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"4506_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dscb.2025.100231","author":"N Sultana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sultana N, Sayeed MA, Islam M, Azad SAK, Tareq SB, Yeasmin F. Potential role of Magnolol: a comprehensive review on its efficacy in managing neurological disorders. Brain Disord. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dscb.2025.100231.","journal-title":"Brain Disord"},{"issue":"16","key":"4506_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168972","volume":"23","author":"E Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun E, Motolani A, Campos L, Lu T. The pivotal role of NF-kB in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16):8972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23168972.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4506_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402800","volume":"22","author":"N Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun N, Deng X, Kong H, Zhi Z, Jiang G, Xiong J, et al. Magnolol as an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria targeting filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z. Chem Biodivers. 2025;22(5):e202402800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202402800.","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers"},{"issue":"18","key":"4506_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810050","volume":"22","author":"K Sza\u0142abska-R\u0105pa\u0142a","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sza\u0142abska-R\u0105pa\u0142a K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of magnolol, a lignan from Magnolia bark, in diabetes, its complications and comorbidities: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(18):10050.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4506_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00117-9","volume":"3","author":"XY Tai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tai XY, Veldsman M, Lyall DM, Littlejohns TJ, Langa KM, Husain M, et al. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, genetic risk, and dementia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022;3(6):e428\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00117-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"9","key":"4506_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091479","volume":"10","author":"E Tamagno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamagno E, Guglielmotto M, Vasciaveo V, Tabaton M. Oxidative stress and beta amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease which comes first: the chicken or the egg? Antioxid Basel. 2021;10(9):Article 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10091479.","journal-title":"Antioxid Basel"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01706-w","volume":"17","author":"D Tocci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tocci D, Fogel M, Gupta V, Kim P, Latimer J, Adlimoghaddam A, et al. Beyond expectations: investigating nilotinib\u2019s potential in attenuating neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025;17(1):60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01706-w.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4506_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","volume":"1","author":"CV Vorhees","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):848\u201358.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1543-9","volume":"17","author":"C Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang C, Guo J, Guo R. Effect of XingPiJieYu decoction on spatial learning and memory and cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway in rat model of depression through chronic unpredictable stress. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-016-1543-9.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4506_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.136895","volume":"424","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H, Yan Z, Yang W, Liu R, Fan G, Gu Z, et al. A strategy of monitoring acetylcholinesterase and screening of natural inhibitors from *Uncaria* for Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapy based on near-infrared fluorescence probe. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2025;424:136895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2024.136895.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"4506_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114473","volume":"161","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Jia J. Magnolol improves Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathologies and cognitive decline by promoting autophagy through activation of the AMPK\/mTOR\/ULK1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;161:114473.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"19","key":"4506_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196441","volume":"27","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Ding R-B, Qi X, Zhou X, et al. Magnolol as a potential anticancer agent: a proposed mechanistic insight. Molecules. 2022;27(19):6441.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920476","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5920476","volume":"2020","author":"Y-F Xian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xian Y-F, Qu C, Liu Y, Ip S-P, Yuan Q-J, Yang W, et al. Magnolol ameliorates behavioral impairments and neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020(1):5920476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/5920476.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4506_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.09.020","volume":"438","author":"Y Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu Y, Liu X, Lian R, Zheng S, Yin Z, Lu Y, et al. Enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability of aripiprazole nanosuspensions prepared by nanoprecipitation\/homogenization based on acid\u2013base neutralization. Int J Pharm. 2012;438(1\u20132):287\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"50","key":"4506_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33792","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11966","volume":"18","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Tan H, Wen H, Xin P, Liu Y, Deng Z, et al. Recent progress in nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s diseases. ACS Nano. 2024;18(50):33792\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.4c11966.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53374-9","volume":"14","author":"J Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu J, Gao X, Zhang L, Shi H, Yan Y, Han Y, et al. Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in *Caenorhabditis elegans* via increase of stress resistance. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):3158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-53374-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4506_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-04061-0","volume":"49","author":"Q Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan Q, Kong F, Shao S, Zhang B, Huang S. Pathogenesis of depression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurochem Res. 2024;49(3):548\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-023-04061-0.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"4506_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S162668","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ding X, Wu Z, Wang M, Tian M. Curcumin alleviates pain and improves cognitive impairment in a rat model of cobra venom-induced trigeminal neuralgia. J Pain Res. 2018;11:1095\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S162668.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01733-7","volume":"17","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Lukacsovich D, Young JI, Gomez L, Schmidt MA, Martin ER, et al. DNA methylation signature of a lifestyle-based resilience index for cognitive health. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025;17(1):88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01733-7.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4506_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00611-w","volume":"18","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou J, Singh N, Galske J, Hudobenko J, Hu X, Yan R. BACE1 regulates expression of clusterin in astrocytes for enhancing clearance of \u03b2-amyloid peptides. Mol Neurodegener. 2023;18(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-023-00611-w.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"}],"container-title":["Discover Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:36:23Z","timestamp":1775741783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04506-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-9229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-9229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study Ethics Committee of Ain Shams University\u2019s Faculty of Science accepted the study protocol, and all experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical standards established by the committee (ASU-SCI\/BIOC\/2023\/11\/2). Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read and approved the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"110"}}