{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:57:10Z","timestamp":1790755030846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mu-Vet-22-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mu-Vet-22-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2026R127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020912","name":"King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFU264585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU264585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discover Nano"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:05:17Z","timestamp":1790751917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Copper bionanocomposite mitigates arsenic toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ola A.","family":"Habotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad F.","family":"Rawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Abdelmoneim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina S.","family":"Adly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrouk","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha E.","family":"Azab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Habak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Morsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helal F.","family":"Hetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah F.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Shukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"El-Nemr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Raia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22945","volume":"35","author":"D Jia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jia D, Li X, Du S, et al. Single and combined effects of carbamazepine and copper on nervous and antioxidant systems of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Toxicol. 2020;35:1091\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.22945.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"4944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Briffa J, Sinagra E, Blundell R. Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon. 2020;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691"},{"key":"4944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103514","volume":"33","author":"Y Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue Y, Li Y, Li X, et al. Arsenic bioremediation in mining wastewater by controllable genetically modified bacteria with biochar. Environ Technol Innov. 2024;33:103514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103514.","journal-title":"Environ Technol Innov"},{"key":"4944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-017-1822-3","volume":"26","author":"S Greani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greani S, Lourkisti R, Berti L, et al. Effect of chronic arsenic exposure under environmental conditions on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymatic defenses in wild trout Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei). Ecotoxicology. 2017;26:930\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-017-1822-3.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"4944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36314","volume":"10","author":"MAE Naiel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naiel MAE, Taher ES, Rashed F, et al. The arsenic bioremediation using genetically engineered microbial strains on aquatic environments: An updated overview. Heliyon. 2024;10:e36314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36314.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091351","volume":"10","author":"NK Roy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy NK, Murphy A, Costa M. Arsenic methyltransferase and methylation of inorganic arsenic. Biomolecules. 2020;10:1351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10091351.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"4944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diab AM, Eldeghaidy EE, Abo-Raya MH, et al. Assessment of Growth-Related Parameters, Immune-Biochemical Profile, and Expression of Selected Genes of Red Tilapia Fed with Roselle Calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Extract. Fishes. 2023;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fishes8040172.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8040172"},{"key":"4944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.46505\/ijbi.2020.2102","volume":"02","author":"S Prakash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prakash S, Verma AK. Effect of Arsenic on Serum Biochemical Parameters of a Fresh Water Cat Fish, Mystus Vittatus. Int J Biol Innov. 2020;02:11\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46505\/ijbi.2020.2102.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Innov"},{"key":"4944_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022) Arsenic. Fact sheet. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/arsenic"},{"key":"4944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferreira Ndos, PH da Costa S, de S\u00e1 \u00cdP, et al. Arsenic bioaccumulation and biotransformation in different tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A comparative study between As(III) and As(V) exposure and evaluation of antagonistic effects of selenium. Chemosphere. 2024;359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142289.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142289"},{"key":"4944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020472","volume":"26","author":"A Osman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osman A, El-Gazzar N, Almanaa TN, et al. Lipolytic postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei manages metabolic syndrome in albino wistar rats. Molecules. 2021;26:472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26020472.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.01.002","volume":"126","author":"MA Kamran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamran MA, Eqani SAMAS, Bibi S, et al. Bioaccumulation of nickel by E. sativa and role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) under nickel stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016;126:256\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.01.002.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"4944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-021-00127-0","volume":"4","author":"NAA Qasem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qasem NAA, Mohammed RH, Lawal DU. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review. npj Clean Water. 2021;4:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41545-021-00127-0.","journal-title":"npj Clean Water"},{"key":"4944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007840","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202007840","volume":"17","author":"E Nazarzadeh Zare","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nazarzadeh Zare E, Mudhoo A, Ali Khan M, et al. Smart adsorbents for aquatic environmental remediation. Small. 2021;17:2007840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202007840.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Harbi SA, Almulaiky YQ. Copper-based metal-organic frameworks (BDC-Cu MOFs) as supporters for \u03b1-amylase: Stability, reusability, and antioxidant potential. Heliyon. 2024;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28396.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28396"},{"key":"4944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burg A, Meyerstein D. The chemistry of monovalent copper in aqueous solutions. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier; 2012. pp. 219\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-396462-5.00007-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396462-5.00007-6"},{"key":"4944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135121","volume":"380","author":"J Haider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haider J, Bin, Haque MI, Hoque M, et al. Efficient extraction of silica from openly burned rice husk ash as adsorbent for dye removal. J Clean Prod. 2022;380:135121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135121.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"4944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong YH, Tseng CC, Setyoningrum D, et al. Rice husk silica enhances innate immune in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and improves resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae infection. Sustainability. 2019;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11226504.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11226504"},{"key":"4944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.14741\/ijcet\/v.8.3.6","volume":"8","author":"J Acharya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acharya J, Kumar U, Mahammed Rafi P. Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater by Chemically Modified Agricultural Waste Material as Potential Adsorbent - A Review. Int J Curr Eng Technol. 2018;8:526\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14741\/ijcet\/v.8.3.6.","journal-title":"Int J Curr Eng Technol"},{"key":"4944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11575","DOI":"10.1039\/c9nj01623f","volume":"43","author":"H Kakaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kakaei H, Beygzadeh M, Golbabaei F, et al. Preparation of a sepiolite\/Cu-BDC nanocomposite and its application as an adsorbent in respirator cartridges for H2S removal. New J Chem. 2019;43:11575\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9nj01623f.","journal-title":"New J Chem"},{"key":"4944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128536","volume":"411","author":"NK Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta NK, Kim S, Bae J, Kim KS. Fabrication of Cu(BDC)0.5(BDC-NH2)0.5 metal-organic framework for superior H2S removal at room temperature. Chem Eng J. 2021;411:128536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128536.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.131793","volume":"1250","author":"S Sadjadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadjadi S, Koohestani F. Palladated composite of Cu-BDC MOF and perlite as an efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes. J Mol Struct. 2022;1250:131793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.131793.","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"key":"4944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.107010","volume":"10","author":"W Saadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saadi W, Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez S, Ruiz B, et al. From pomegranate peels waste to one-step alkaline carbonate activated carbons. Prospect as sustainable adsorbent for the renewable energy production. J Environ Chem Eng. 2022;10:107010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2021.107010.","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"4944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.027","volume":"28","author":"N El-Gazzar","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Gazzar N, Almanaa TN, Reda RM, et al. Assessment the using of silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) biosynthesized from rice husks by Trichoderma harzianum MF780864 as water lead adsorbent for immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28:5119\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.027.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"4944_CR25","first-page":"15","volume":"2","author":"B Aruljothi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aruljothi B, Samipillai SS. Effect of arsenic on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants system in fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. Int J Mod Res Rev. 2014;2:15\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Mod Res Rev"},{"key":"4944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-016-0588-9","volume":"15","author":"B Kumari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumari B, Kumar V, Sinha AK, et al. Toxicology of arsenic in fish and aquatic systems. Environ Chem Lett. 2017;15:43\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10311-016-0588-9.","journal-title":"Environ Chem Lett"},{"key":"4944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmetal.2014.44011","volume":"4","author":"R Chiarelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiarelli R, Roccheri MC. Marine invertebrates as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. Open J Met. 2014;4:93\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojmetal.2014.44011.","journal-title":"Open J Met"},{"key":"4944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.05.030","volume":"509","author":"AN Abdel Rahman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdel Rahman AN, ElHady M, Hassanin ME, Mohamed AAR. Alleviative effects of dietary Indian lotus leaves on heavy metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L). Aquaculture. 2019;509:198\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.05.030.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"4944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-018-1274-6","volume":"85","author":"E Zahran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zahran E, Awadin W, Risha E, et al. Dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris ameliorates chronic sodium arsenite toxicity in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as revealed by histopathological, biochemical and immune gene expression analysis. Fish Sci. 2019;85:199\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12562-018-1274-6.","journal-title":"Fish Sci"},{"key":"4944_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.105233","volume":"214","author":"N Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar N, Gupta SK, Bhushan S, Singh NP. Impacts of acute toxicity of arsenic (III) alone and with high temperature on stress biomarkers, immunological status and cellular metabolism in fish. Aquat Toxicol. 2019;214:105233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.105233.","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"4944_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-011-9466-3","volume":"37","author":"\u00d6 F\u0131rat","year":"2011","unstructured":"F\u0131rat \u00d6, Cogun HY, Y\u00fczerero\u011flu TA, et al. A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2011;37:657\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10695-011-9466-3.","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"4944_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2022.154736.1569","volume":"43","author":"M Elsafty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elsafty M, Abdeen A, Aboubakr M. Protective effect of allicin and omega-3 against paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity. Benha Vet Med J. 2022;43:26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bvmj.2022.154736.1569.","journal-title":"Benha Vet Med J"},{"key":"4944_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-005-2382-1","volume":"107","author":"P Licata","year":"2005","unstructured":"Licata P, Trombetta D, Cristani M, et al. Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy). Environ Monit Assess. 2005;107:239\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-005-2382-1.","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"4944_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.013","volume":"217","author":"NS Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira NS, Oliveira LHB, Agrelli V, et al. Bioaccumulation and acute toxicity of As(III) and As(V) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Chemosphere. 2019;217:349\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.013.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"4944_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2190-4715-24-13","volume":"24","author":"C Schlechtriem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlechtriem C, Fliedner A, Sch\u00e4fers C. Determination of lipid content in fish samples from bioaccumulation studies: contributions to the revision of guideline OECD 305. Environ Sci Eur. 2012;24:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2190-4715-24-13.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Eur"},{"key":"4944_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32296-y","volume":"13","author":"N Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar N, Singh DK, Chandan NK, et al. Nano-zinc enhances gene regulation of non-specific immunity and antioxidative status to mitigate multiple stresses in fish. Sci Rep. 2023;13:5015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-32296-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4944_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2024.327147.1879","volume":"47","author":"E Beder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beder E, Bakry H, Abosalem M, et al. Ameliorative activity of cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum cassia) against aluminum oxide nanoparticle (Al2O3 NP)-induced hepatic damage. Benha Vet Med J. 2024;47:47\u201351.","journal-title":"Benha Vet Med J"},{"key":"4944_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113899","volume":"242","author":"SE Fadl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fadl SE, Elbialy ZI, Abdo W, et al. Ameliorative effect of Spirulina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against fipronil toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022;242:113899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113899.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"4944_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125423","volume":"413","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Yu Y-B, Choi J-H. Toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in fish exposed to microplastics: A review. J Hazard Mater. 2021;413:125423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125423.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4944_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.12.059","volume":"97","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Kim SK, Hur YB. Toxic effects of waterborne nitrite exposure on antioxidant responses, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and immune responses in olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, reared in bio-floc and seawater. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020;97:581\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.12.059.","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"4944_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061197","volume":"12","author":"M Ferreira-Cravo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreira-Cravo M, Moreira DC, Hermes-Lima M. Glutathione depletion disrupts redox homeostasis in an anoxia-tolerant invertebrate. Antioxidants. 2023;12:1197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12061197.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"4944_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.079","volume":"42","author":"S-Y Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo S-Y, Liu C, Ding J, et al. Scavenging reactive oxygen species is a potential strategy to protect Larimichthys crocea against environmental hypoxia by mitigating oxidative stress. Zool Res. 2021;42:592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.079.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"4944_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.06.002","volume":"104","author":"P Shaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaw P, Bhowmik AD, Chakraborty A, et al. Mixture effect of arsenic and fluoride at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver: expression pattern of Nrf2 and related xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Aquat Toxicol. 2019;104:383\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.06.002.","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"4944_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05346-1","volume":"47","author":"AJA Albarakati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albarakati AJA, Baty RS, Aljoudi AM, et al. Luteolin protects against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47:2591\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-020-05346-1.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"4944_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13505","volume":"44","author":"RB Kassab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kassab RB, Lokman MS, Daabo HMA, et al. Ferulic acid influences Nrf2 activation to restore testicular tissue from cadmium-induced oxidative challenge, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. J Food Biochem. 2020;44:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfbc.13505.","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"key":"4944_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9316751","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9316751","volume":"2020","author":"MS Aleissa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aleissa MS, Alkahtani S, Abd Eldaim MA, et al. Fucoidan ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and hepatorenal injuries in diabetic rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:9316751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9316751.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4944_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010010","volume":"9","author":"WA Al-Megrin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Megrin WA, Alkhuriji AF, Yousef AOS, et al. Antagonistic efficacy of luteolin against lead acetate exposure-associated hepatotoxicity is mediated via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Antioxidants. 2019;9:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9010010.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"4944_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115133","volume":"165","author":"OA Habotta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habotta OA, Abdeen A, El-Hanafy AA, Yassin N. Sesquiterpene nootkatone counteracted the melamine-induced neurotoxicity via repressing of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic trajectories. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;165:115133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115133.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4944_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.055","volume":"114","author":"MM Abdel-Daim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdel-Daim MM, Abdeen A. Protective effects of rosuvastatin and vitamin E against fipronil-mediated oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;114:69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.055.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"4944_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239784732097204","DOI":"10.1177\/2397847320972040","volume":"4","author":"SE Owumi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Owumi SE, Ijadele AO, Arunsi UO, Odunola OA. Luteolin abates reproductive toxicity mediated by the oxido-inflammatory response in Doxorubicin-treated rats. Toxicol Res Appl. 2020;4:2397847320972040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2397847320972040.","journal-title":"Toxicol Res Appl"},{"key":"4944_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.02.017","volume":"128","author":"J Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma J, Li X. Alteration in the cytokine levels and histopathological damage in common carp induced by glyphosate. Chemosphere. 2015;128:293\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.02.017.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"4944_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.01.059","volume":"99","author":"A Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang A, Jian X, Wang D, et al. Characterization and bioactivity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) interleukin-21: Inducible production and involvement in inflammatory regulation. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020;99:19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.01.059.","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"4944_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e08285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08285","volume":"7","author":"Z Hossain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hossain Z, Hossain MS, Ema NS, Omri A. Heavy metal toxicity in Buriganga river alters the immunology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L). Heliyon. 2021;7:e08285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08285.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4944_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.11.006","volume":"30","author":"M Teles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teles M, MacKenzie S, Boltana S, et al. Gene expression and TNF-alpha secretion profile in rainbow trout macrophages following exposures to copper and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011;30:340\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.11.006.","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"4944_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737375","volume":"546","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhao H, Yin K, et al. The protective effect of Zn2+ on As3+ toxicity in common carp: Resistance to oxidative stress, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Aquaculture. 2022;546:737375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737375.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"4944_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfad049","volume":"12","author":"H Sa\u00e7","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sa\u00e7 H, Yeltekin AC. Investigation of oxidative stress status and apoptotic markers of juvenile trout exposed to arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2023;12:608\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfad049.","journal-title":"Toxicol Res (Camb)"},{"key":"4944_CR57","first-page":"165","volume":"4","author":"S Lata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lata S, Samadder SR. Removal of heavy metals using rice husk: a review. Int J Environ Res Dev. 2014;4:165\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Dev"},{"key":"4944_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20281","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ra02420j","volume":"15","author":"E Alam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alam E. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for arsenic remediation: a brief overview of recent progress. RSC Adv. 2025;15:20281\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5ra02420j.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4944_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08906-x","volume":"27","author":"AA Abdel-Khalek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Khalek AA, Badran SR, Marie MAS. The effective adsorbent capacity of rice husk to iron and aluminum oxides nanoparticles using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator: biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27:23159\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-08906-x.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"4944_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32925-8","volume":"16","author":"R Rajpurohit","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rajpurohit R, Kumar N, Chandramore K, Kumar P, Reddy KS. Ecofriendly synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their role in mitigation of multiple abiotic stresses in fish. Sci Rep. 2026;16:3027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-32925-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4944_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27766","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c09713","volume":"9","author":"K Chauhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chauhan K, Singh P, Sen K, Singhal RK, Thakur VK. Recent advancements in the field of chitosan\/cellulose-based nanocomposites for maximizing arsenic removal from aqueous environment. ACS Omega. 2024;9:27766\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c09713.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"4944_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18959-2","volume":"12","author":"S Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh S, Naik TSSK, Basavaraju U, Khan NA, Wani AB, Behera SK, Nath B, Bhati S, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. A systematic study of arsenic adsorption and removal from aqueous environments using novel graphene oxide functionalized UiO-66-NDC nanocomposites. Sci Rep. 2022;12:15802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18959-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4944_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267075","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1267075","volume":"7","author":"MK Morsy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morsy MK, Al-Dalain SY, Haddad MA, et al. Curcumin nanoparticles as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial preservative against foodborne pathogens in processed chicken fingers. Front Sustain Food Syst. 2023;7:1267075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1267075.","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"}],"container-title":["Discover Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:05:20Z","timestamp":1790751920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-026-04944-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-9229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-9229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures with fish were carried out in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA) and the principles of 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Mansoura University, Egypt (Approval No. MU-ACUC (VM.RP.24.12.4)).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines to enhance the clarity, completeness, and transparency of reporting on the experimental design, methodology, and results of animal research. Fish were randomly allocated to experimental tanks and treatment groups. Humane endpoints (pronounced loss of equilibrium, failure to respond to gentle stimulation, or agonal breathing) were defined a priori, and any fish reaching these criteria were immediately euthanized by anaesthetic overdose. Given that this study involves fish, relevant fish-specific reporting recommendations of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) guidelines were also considered in addition to ARRIVE.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"ARRIVE guidelines statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"484"}}