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The increasing adversity in the biomedical field necessitates the development of materials that fulfill biomedical requirements, and biosynthesized nanoparticles have received significant attention, as they offer substantial benefits by being biocompatible\u2014the critical parameter in need. This review explores assorted metal oxide nanoparticles like aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, cadmium oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, samarium oxide, silver oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide; synthesis methods assisted with biomolecules, including doped metal oxides and their nanocomposites; and it also investigates their physicochemical properties, factors affecting antimicrobial efficacy, and potential to replace conventional antibiotics. 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