{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T07:41:37Z","timestamp":1772005297619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B006-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B006-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004844","name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCKUH-11201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCKUH-11201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurodevelop Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Research indicates that preterm infants requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation often exhibit suboptimal neurodevelopment at follow-up, coupled with altered brain development as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA). However, specific regions of brain dysmaturation and the subsequent neurodevelopmental phenotype following early-life adverse respiratory exposures remain unclear. Additionally, it is uncertain whether brain dysmaturation mediates neurodevelopmental outcomes after respiratory adversity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between early-life adverse respiratory exposures, brain dysmaturation at TEA, and the developmental phenotype observed during follow-up in extremely preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>89 infants born\u2009&lt;\u200929 weeks\u2019 gestation from 2019 to 2021 received MRI examinations at TEA for structural and lobe brain volumes, which were adjusted with sex-and-postmenstrual-age expected volumes for volume residuals. Assisted ventilation patterns in the first 8 postnatal weeks were analyzed using kmlShape analyses. Patterns for motor, cognition, and language development were evaluated from corrected age 6 to 12 months using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition. Mediation effects of brain volumes between early-life respiratory exposures and neurodevelopmental phenotypes were adjusted for sex, gestational age, maternal education, and severe brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two distinct respiratory trajectories with varying severity were identified: improving (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935, 39%) and delayed improvement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200954, 61%). Compared with the improving group, the delayed improvement group exhibited selectively reduced brain volume residuals in the parietal lobe (mean \u2212\u20094.9 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, 95% confidence interval \u2212\u20099.4 to \u2212\u20090.3) at TEA and lower motor composite scores (\u2212\u20098.7, \u2212\u200914.2 to \u2212\u20093.1) at corrected age 12 months. The association between delayed respiratory improvement and inferior motor performance (total effect \u2212\u20098.7, \u2212\u200914.8 to \u2212\u20093.3) was partially mediated through reduced parietal lobe volume (natural indirect effect \u2212\u20091.8, \u2212\u20094.9 to \u2212\u20090.01), suggesting a mediating effect of 20%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early-life adverse respiratory exposure is specifically linked to the parietal lobe dysmaturation and neurodevelopmental phenotype of motor delay at follow-up. Dysmaturation of the parietal lobe serves as a mediator in the connection between respiratory adversity and compromised motor development. Optimizing respiratory critical care may emerge as a potential avenue to mitigate the consequences of altered brain growth and motor developmental delay in this extremely preterm population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T09:02:37Z","timestamp":1721034157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The developmental phenotype of motor delay in extremely preterm infants following early-life respiratory adversity is influenced by brain dysmaturation in the parietal lobe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4894-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Hao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsiang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Lin","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ching","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000527641","volume":"120","author":"M Norman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Norman M, Jonsson B, S\u00f6derling J, Bj\u00f6rklund LJ, H\u00e5kansson S. Patterns of respiratory support by gestational age in very preterm infants. Neonatology. 2023;120(1):142\u201352.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"9546_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz TA, Vliegenthart RJS, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Leemhuis AG, Beuger S, Blok GJ et al. Severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 and 5 years corrected age. J Pediatr. 2022;243:40\u2009\u2013\u20096 e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.12.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"9546_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000471841","volume":"112","author":"RJS Vliegenthart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vliegenthart RJS, Onland W, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, De Jaegere APM, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, van Kaam AH. Restricted ventilation associated with reduced neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2017;112(2):172\u20139.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F631","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315993","volume":"104","author":"RJS Vliegenthart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vliegenthart RJS, van Kaam AH, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, van Wassenaer AG, Onland W. Duration of mechanical ventilation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(6):F631\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"10","key":"9546_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15234","volume":"64","author":"WH Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu WH, Chu CH, Lin YC, Chen RB, Iwata O, Huang CC. Early-life respiratory trajectories and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born very and extremely preterm: a retrospective study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2022;64(10):1246\u201353.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"9546_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.039","volume":"226","author":"M Guillot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guillot M, Guo T, Ufkes S, Schneider J, Synnes A, Chau V, et al. Mechanical ventilation duration, brainstem development, and neurodevelopment in children born preterm: a prospective cohort study. J Pediatr. 2020;226:87\u2013e953.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"9546_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01162-2","volume":"90","author":"KN Grelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grelli KN, Keller RL, Rogers EE, Partridge JC, Xu D, Barkovich AJ, et al. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia precursors influence risk of white matter injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2021;90(2):359\u201365.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9546_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2303347","volume":"389","author":"TE Inder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Inder TE, Volpe JJ, Anderson PJ. Defining the neurologic consequences of preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(5):441\u201353.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01460-3","volume":"90","author":"K Rantakari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rantakari K, Rinta-Koski OP, Metsaranta M, Hollmen J, Sarkka S, Rahkonen P, et al. Early oxygen levels contribute to brain injury in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2021;90(1):131\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"9546_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang CC, Chu CH, Lin YK, Lin YC, Huang HM, Chang YC. Retinopathy of prematurity is a biomarker for pathological processes in the immature brain. Neonatology. 2022:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1159\/000526652"},{"issue":"7","key":"9546_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","volume":"163","author":"AH Jobe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(7):1723\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000448615","volume":"111","author":"LW Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang LW, Lin YC, Tu YF, Wang ST, Huang CC. Isolated cystic periventricular leukomalacia differs from cystic periventricular leukomalacia with intraventricular hemorrhage in prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2017;111(1):86\u201392.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"9546_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.054","volume":"173","author":"A Makropoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makropoulos A, Robinson EC, Schuh A, Wright R, Fitzgibbon S, Bozek J, et al. The developing human connectome project: a minimal processing pipeline for neonatal cortical surface reconstruction. NeuroImage. 2018;173:88\u2013112.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908","volume":"29","author":"NJ Tustison","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tustison NJ, Avants BB, Cook PA, Zheng Y, Egan A, Yushkevich PA, et al. N4ITK: improved N3 bias correction. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2010;29(6):1310\u201320.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"9546_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","volume":"17","author":"SM Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith SM. Fast robust automated brain extraction. Hum Brain Mapp. 2002;17(3):143\u201355.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"9","key":"9546_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2322280","volume":"33","author":"A Makropoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makropoulos A, Gousias IS, Ledig C, Aljabar P, Serag A, Hajnal JV, et al. Automatic whole brain MRI segmentation of the developing neonatal brain. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2014;33(9):1818\u201331.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25940","volume":"89","author":"CK Rollins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rollins CK, Ortinau CM, Stopp C, Friedman KG, Tworetzky W, Gagoski B, et al. Regional brain growth trajectories in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(1):143\u201357.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"15","key":"9546_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056305","volume":"145","author":"A Sadhwani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadhwani A, Wypij D, Rofeberg V, Gholipour A, Mittleman M, Rohde J, et al. Fetal brain volume predicts neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2022;145(15):1108\u201319.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9546_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen LW, Wang ST, Wang LW, Kao YC, Chu CL, Wu CC et al. Early neurodevelopmental trajectories for autism spectrum disorder in children born very preterm. Pediatrics. 2020;146(4).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0297"},{"issue":"5","key":"9546_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3039","volume":"135","author":"MM Spencer-Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spencer-Smith MM, Spittle AJ, Lee KJ, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ. Bayley-III cognitive and language scales in preterm children. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1258\u201365.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150738","volume":"11","author":"C Genolini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Genolini C, Ecochard R, Benghezal M, Driss T, Andrieu S, Subtil F. kmlShape: an efficient method to cluster longitudinal data (time-series) according to their shapes. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0150738.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"9546_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2020.2966182","volume":"29","author":"F Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu F, Deng Y. Determine the number of unknown targets in open world based on elbow method. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst. 2021;29(5):986\u201395.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173\u201382.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9546_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199203000-00013","volume":"3","author":"JM Robins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Robins JM, Greenland S. Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 1992;3(2):143\u201355.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3693","volume":"130","author":"N Ambalavanan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA, Tyson JE, Langer JC, Walsh MC, Parikh NA, et al. Outcome trajectories in extremely preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2012;130(1):e115\u201325.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9546_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15295","volume":"64","author":"AM Hibbs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hibbs AM. Respiratory morbidity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born preterm: a complex web. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2022;64:1185.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9546_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000369199","volume":"107","author":"V Neubauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neubauer V, Junker D, Griesmaier E, Schocke M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with delayed structural brain maturation in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2015;107(3):179\u201384.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9546_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000499487","volume":"116","author":"JM Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee JM, Choi YH, Hong J, Kim NY, Kim EB, Lim JS, et al. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with altered brain volumes and white matter microstructure in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2019;116(2):163\u201370.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"9546_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.024","volume":"178","author":"KJ Kersbergen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kersbergen KJ, Makropoulos A, Aljabar P, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS, Counsell SJ, et al. Longitudinal regional brain development and clinical risk factors in extremely preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2016;178:93\u2013e1006.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"14","key":"9546_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.06.007","volume":"27","author":"JR Whitlock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whitlock JR. Posterior parietal cortex. Curr Biol. 2017;27(14):R691\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"9546_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katu\u0161i\u0107 A, Ragu\u017e M, \u017duni\u0107 I\u0161asegi I. Brain tissue volumes at term-equivalent age are associated with early motor behavior in very preterm infants. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2020.","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10039"},{"key":"9546_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102475","volume":"28","author":"JE Kline","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kline JE, Sita Priyanka Illapani V, He L, Parikh NA. Automated brain morphometric biomarkers from MRI at term predict motor development in very preterm infants. Neuroimage Clin. 2020;28:102475.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"9546_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116438","volume":"208","author":"DM Hedderich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hedderich DM, B\u00e4uml JG, Menegaux A, Avram M, Daamen M, Zimmer C, et al. An analysis of MRI derived cortical complexity in premature-born adults: regional patterns, risk factors, and potential significance. NeuroImage. 2020;208:116438.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"9546_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20172169","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2169","volume":"141","author":"J Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider J, Fischer Fumeaux CJ, Duerden EG, Guo T, Foong J, Graz MB, et al. Nutrient intake in the first two weeks of life and brain growth in preterm neonates. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):e20172169.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9546_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00854-1","volume":"41","author":"JW Logan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Logan JW, Tan J, Skalak M, Fathi O, He L, Kline J, et al. Adverse effects of perinatal illness severity on neurodevelopment are partially mediated by early brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm. J Perinatol. 2021;41(3):519\u201327.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9546_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0233ED","volume":"65","author":"M Witzenrath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Witzenrath M, Kuebler WM. The lung-brain axis in ventilator-induced brain injury: enter IL-6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021;65(4):339\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9546_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4583-1","volume":"43","author":"L Blanch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanch L, Quintel M. Lung-brain cross talk in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(4):557\u20139.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317810","volume":"105","author":"C Durrant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durrant C, Wong HS, Cole TJ, Hutchon B, Collier L, Wright A, et al. Developmental trajectories of infants born at less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation on the Bayley-III scales. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2020;105(6):623\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"9546_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.4787","volume":"141","author":"R Karmouta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karmouta R, Strawbridge JC, Langston S, Altendahl M, Khitri M, Chu A, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141(12):1125\u201332.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9546_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.051","volume":"183","author":"MD Wheelock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wheelock MD, Austin NC, Bora S, Eggebrecht AT, Melzer TR, Woodward LJ, et al. Altered functional network connectivity relates to motor development in children born very preterm. NeuroImage. 2018;183:574\u201383.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"9546_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570385","volume":"33","author":"A Katheria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katheria A, Rich W, Finer N. Optimizing care of the preterm infant starting in the delivery room. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33(3):297\u2013304.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9546_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151629","volume":"46","author":"E Whitesel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whitesel E, Goldstein J, Lee HC, Gupta M. Quality improvement for neonatal resuscitation and delivery room care. Semin Perinatol. 2022;46(6):151629.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"9546_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molloy EJ, El-Dib M, Soul J, Juul S, Gunn AJ, Bender M et al. Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in preterm infants: present and future (Neonatal Neurocritical Care Series). Pediatr Res. 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02895-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"9546_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01443-0","volume":"42","author":"A Benlamri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benlamri A, Murthy P, Zein H, Thomas S, Scott JN, Abou Mehrem A, et al. Neuroprotection care bundle implementation is associated with improved long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely premature infants. J Perinatol. 2022;42(10):1380\u20134.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02223-4","volume":"22","author":"R Sangsari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sangsari R, Saeedi M, Maddah M, Mirnia K, Goldsmith JP. Weaning and extubation from neonatal mechanical ventilation: an evidenced-based review. BMC Pulm Med. 2022;22(1):421.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9546_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000858","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000858","volume":"4","author":"B van Delft","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Delft B, Van Ginderdeuren F, Lefevere J, van Delft C, Cools F. Weaning strategies for the withdrawal of non-invasive respiratory support applying continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2020;4(1):e000858.","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T10:03:37Z","timestamp":1721037817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11689-024-09546-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (A-BR-108-013 and ER-98-135). Prior to data collection, all children\u2019s primary caregivers gave written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"38"}}