{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:56:57Z","timestamp":1775721417621,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Augsburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Proteom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous investigations have shown that the absence of typical breast symptoms is associated with unfavorable outcomes after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Delayed diagnosis and therapy could not explain these results, so other causes seem to be involved. Therefore, in the present analysis the association between inflammatory plasma proteins and typical chest pain symptoms in hospitalized patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 395 STEMI patients registered by the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg between 2009 and 2013 were used for analysis. The OLINK inflammatory panel including a total of 92 cytokines was measured in arterial blood samples, which were obtained immediately after hospital admission within the scope of cardiac catheterization. The associations between the inflammation markers and typical chest pain were examined by multiple logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, 10.9% of the STEMI patients did not present with typical chest pain. The inflammatory markers IL8, IL6, FGF-21, CD40, CST5, ADA, OPG, PD-L1, TNFRSF9 and STAMBP were significantly inversely associated with typical chest pain after FDR-adjustment. The strongest associations were found for FGF-21, CST5 and CD40.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that a dysregulated inflammatory status is associated with a lack of typical chest pain in AMI patients. Beyond acute-phase inflammatory interleukins elevated within the early phase of an AMI, such as IL-6, hepatokines and transmembrane proteins seem to be associated with AMI symptoms. Further research into the causal mechanisms of these associations is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:33:12Z","timestamp":1773214392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the relationship between inflammation and typical chest pain in ST-elevation myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Wolfermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Raake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Linseisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Meisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015539","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015539","volume":"9","author":"HA DeVon","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeVon HA, Mirzaei S, Z\u00e8gre-Hemsey J. Typical and Atypical Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Time to Retire the Terms? J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e015539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.015539.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"9596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37793","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037793","volume":"103","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang X, Bai S, Luo Y. Advances in research on biomarkers associated with acute myocardial infarction: A review. Med (Baltim). 2024;103:e37793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000037793.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"9596_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04608-9","volume":"25","author":"J Odeberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Odeberg J, Halling A, Ringborn M, Freitag M, Persson ML, Vaara I, et al. Markers of inflammation predicts long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome - a cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025;25:190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04608-9.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"9596_CR4","volume-title":"Biomarkers in risk assessment: Concepts and principles","author":"International Programme on Chemical Safety","year":"1993","unstructured":"International Programme on Chemical Safety. Biomarkers in risk assessment: Concepts and principles. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993."},{"key":"9596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.07.002","volume":"167","author":"A Saxena","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saxena A, Russo I, Frangogiannis NG. Inflammation as a therapeutic target in myocardial infarction: learning from past failures to meet future challenges. Translational research: J Lab Clin Med. 2016;167:152\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.07.002.","journal-title":"Translational research: J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"9596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.03.020","volume":"62","author":"DR Anderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson DR, Poterucha JT, Mikuls TR, Duryee MJ, Garvin RP, Klassen LW, et al. IL-6 and its receptors in coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. Cytokine. 2013;62:395\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.03.020.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/15701611113119990003","volume":"13","author":"M Neri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neri M, Fineschi V, Di Paolo M, Pomara C, Riezzo I, Turillazzi E, Cerretani D. Cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines response after myocardial infarction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;13:26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/15701611113119990003.","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"9596_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2004.07.013","volume":"15","author":"AS Gabriel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gabriel AS, Martinsson A, Wretlind B, Ahnve S. IL-6 levels in acute and post myocardial infarction: their relation to CRP levels, infarction size, left ventricular systolic function, and heart failure. Eur J Intern Med. 2004;15:523\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2004.07.013.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858241","volume":"67","author":"H L\u00f6wel","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00f6wel H, Meisinger C, Heier M, H\u00f6rmann A. The population-based acute myocardial infarction (AMI) registry of the MONICA\/KORA study region of Augsburg. Gesundheitswesen. 2005;67(Suppl 1):S31\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-858241.","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"9596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01956.x","volume":"264","author":"B Kuch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuch B, Heier M, von Scheidt W, Kling B, Hoermann A, Meisinger C. 20-year trends in clinical characteristics, therapy and short-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction according to presenting electrocardiogram: the MONICA\/KORA AMI Registry (1985\u20132004). J Intern Med. 2008;264:254\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01956.x.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"9596_CR11","unstructured":"Olink Proteomics. Olink Proteomics. Normalized protein eXpression. https:\/\/olink.com"},{"key":"9596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.11.004","volume":"242","author":"M Ponce-de-Leon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ponce-de-Leon M, Linseisen J, Peters A, Linkohr B, Heier M, Grallert H, et al. Novel associations between inflammation-related proteins and adiposity: A targeted proteomics approach across four population-based studies. Translational research: J Lab Clin Med. 2022;242:93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.11.004.","journal-title":"Translational research: J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"9596_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:604\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9596_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00804-4","volume":"36","author":"JS Alpert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined\u2013a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology\/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:959\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00804-4.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43162-022-00178-w","author":"H Khalil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalil H. Traditional and novel diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction. Egypt J Intern Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43162-022-00178-w.","journal-title":"Egypt J Intern Med"},{"key":"9596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.500","volume":"3","author":"S Mythili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mythili S, Malathi N. Diagnostic markers of acute myocardial infarction. Biomed Rep. 2015;3:743\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/br.2015.500.","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"key":"9596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/PersKardio.2022.09.16.02","author":"U Hofmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofmann U, Frantz S. Neue Aspekte f\u00fcr kardiale Diagnostik und Therapie: Inflammation bei Herzinsuffizienz und Infarkt. Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt Online. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/PersKardio.2022.09.16.02.","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt Online"},{"key":"9596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617277","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.617277","volume":"7","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Y, Pan N, An Y, Xu M, Tan L, Zhang L. Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:617277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2020.617277.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9596_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.024","volume":"74","author":"JA Fontes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fontes JA, Rose NR, \u010cih\u00e1kov\u00e1 D. The varying faces of IL-6: From cardiac protection to cardiac failure. Cytokine. 2015;74:62\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.024.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a016295","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","volume":"6","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6:a016295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"9596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.060","volume":"77","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ridker PM. Inhibiting Interleukin-6 to Reduce Cardiovascular Event Rates: A Next Step for Atherothrombosis Treatment and Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:1856\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.060.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050078","volume":"5","author":"J Danesh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Danesh J, Kaptoge S, Mann AG, Sarwar N, Wood A, Angleman SB, et al. Long-term interleukin-6 levels and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: two new prospective studies and a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2008;5:e78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050078.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"9596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.93.12.2089","volume":"93","author":"M Chiariello","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chiariello M, Indolfi C. Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1996;93:2089\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.93.12.2089.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228533","author":"S Daub","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daub S, Lutgens E, M\u00fcnzel T, Daiber A. CD40\/CD40L and Related Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Health and Disease-The Pros and Cons for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228533.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"9596_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.053","volume":"72","author":"C Shetelig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shetelig C, Limalanathan S, Hoffmann P, Seljeflot I, Gran JM, Eritsland J, Andersen G\u00d8. Association of IL-8 With Infarct Size and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With STEMI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:187\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.053.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.073","volume":"221","author":"S Zarrouk-Mahjoub","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zarrouk-Mahjoub S, Zaghdoudi M, Amira Z, Chebi H, Khabouchi N, Finsterer J, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in post-infarction left ventricular remodeling. Int J Cardiol. 2016;221:632\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.073.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001890","volume":"134","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu D, Long X-X, Fang Q-C, Jia W-P, Li H-T. The role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134:2931\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001890.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"9596_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165768","volume":"1866","author":"H Bugger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bugger H, Pfeil K. Mitochondrial ROS in myocardial ischemia reperfusion and remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020;1866:165768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165768.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"9596_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834967","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.834967","volume":"9","author":"G Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu G, Wu S, Yan J, Gao S, Zhu J, Yue M, et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Predicts Short-Term Prognosis in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:834967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.834967.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9596_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02912880","volume":"22","author":"N Patil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patil N, Chavan V, Karnik ND. Antioxidant status in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007;22:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02912880.","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"key":"9596_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204652","author":"B Kutryb-Zajac","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Therapeutic Perspectives of Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25204652.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"9596_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106003","volume":"136","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zang G, Li B, Xia H, Yuan W. Activation of CD137 signaling promotes macrophage apoptosis dependent on p38 MAPK pathway-mediated mitochondrial fission. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2021;136:106003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106003.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"9596_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8407137","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8407137","volume":"2018","author":"R Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen R, Xu Y, Zhong W, Li B, Yang P, Wang ZQ, et al. Activation of CD137 Signaling Enhances Vascular Calcification through c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Dependent Disruption of Autophagic Flux. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018:8407137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8407137.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"9596_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699173","volume":"117","author":"PS Olofsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olofsson PS, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m LA, W\u00e5gs\u00e4ter D, Sheikine Y, Ocaya P, Lang F, et al. CD137 is expressed in human atherosclerosis and promotes development of plaque inflammation in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation. 2008;117:1292\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699173.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9596_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.12.011","volume":"411","author":"L Dongming","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dongming L, Zuxun L, Liangjie X, Biao W, Ping Y. Enhanced levels of soluble and membrane-bound CD137 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411:406\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2009.12.011.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"9596_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20210517-00425","volume":"49","author":"YJ Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan YJ, Chen R, Xu Y, Xia H, Xu C, Yuan W. Association between CD137 and ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi. 2021;49:1198\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20210517-00425.","journal-title":"Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi"},{"key":"9596_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001549","volume":"83","author":"G Zang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zang G, Chen Y, Guo G, Wan A, Li B, Wang Z. Protective Effect of CD137 Deficiency Against Postinfarction Cardiac Fibrosis and Adverse Cardiac Remodeling by ERK1\/2 Signaling Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2024;83:446\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001549.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"9596_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26533","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.660175","volume":"290","author":"G Ferrer-Mayorga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrer-Mayorga G, Alvarez-D\u00edaz S, Valle N, de Las Rivas J, Mendes M, Barderas R, et al. Cystatin D Locates in the Nucleus at Sites of Active Transcription and Modulates Gene and Protein Expression *. J Biol Chem. 2015;290:26533\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M115.660175.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9596_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03644-9","volume":"20","author":"T Schmitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmitz T, Harmel E, Heier M, Peters A, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Inflammatory plasma proteins predict short-term mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. J Transl Med. 2022;20:457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03644-9.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"9596_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03140-2","volume":"11","author":"Q Gou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gou Q, Dong C, Xu H, Khan B, Jin J, Liu Q, et al. PD-L1 degradation pathway and immunotherapy for cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11:955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-020-03140-2.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"9596_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759972","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.759972","volume":"8","author":"E Kushnareva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kushnareva E, Kushnarev V, Artemyeva A, Mitrofanova L, Moiseeva O. Myocardial PD-L1 Expression in Patients With Ischemic and Non-ischemic Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:759972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.759972.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9596_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00461-9","volume":"3","author":"J Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin J, Huang GN, Moslehi J. PD-1-PD-L1 immunomodulatory pathway regulates cardiac regeneration. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2024;3:410\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44161-024-00461-9.","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"9596_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.64183","volume":"31","author":"S Miyazaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miyazaki S, Fujisue K, Yamanaga K, Sueta D, Usuku H, Tabata N, et al. Prognostic Significance of Soluble PD-L1 on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2024;31:355\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.64183.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"9596_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","volume":"89","author":"WS Simonet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Kelley M, Chang MS, L\u00fcthy R, et al. Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell. 1997;89:309\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9596_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2022-0621","volume":"17","author":"S Samadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samadi S, Sadeghi M, Dashtbayaz RJ, Nezamdoost S, Mohammadpour AH, Jomehzadeh V. Prognostic role of osteoprotegerin and risk of coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med. 2023;17:171\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/bmm-2022-0621.","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"9596_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000031524.49139.29","volume":"106","author":"S Jono","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jono S, Ikari Y, Shioi A, Mori K, Miki T, Hara K, Nishizawa Y. Serum osteoprotegerin levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2002;106:1192\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000031524.49139.29.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9596_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03833.x","volume":"8","author":"S Jono","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jono S, Otsuki S, Higashikuni Y, Shioi A, Mori K, Hara K, et al. Serum osteoprotegerin levels and long-term prognosis in subjects with stable coronary artery disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:1170\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03833.x.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"9596_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178153","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178153","volume":"10","author":"T Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma T, Zhao J, Yan Y, Liu J, Zang J, Zhang Y, et al. Plasma osteoprotegerin predicts adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease: the PEACE trial. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1178153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178153.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9596_CR49","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine - Gene. STAMBP (STAM binding protein). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10617"},{"key":"9596_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200401141","volume":"166","author":"J McCullough","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCullough J, Clague MJ, Urb\u00e9 S. AMSH is an endosome-associated ubiquitin isopeptidase. J Cell Biol. 2004;166:487\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200401141.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"9596_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90240-8","volume":"15","author":"A Bj\u00f6rkenheim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkenheim A, Sunnefeldt E, Finke K, Smith DR, Fr\u00f6bert O, Brasier N. Biomarkers of inflammation in sweat after myocardial infarction. Sci Rep. 2025;15:5564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90240-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9596_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.01.019","volume":"40","author":"T Schmitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmitz T, Harmel E, Raake P, Freuer D, Kirchberger I, Heier M, et al. Association Between Acute Myocardial Infarction Symptoms and Short- and Long-term Mortality After the Event. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40:1355\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.01.019.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab036","volume":"118","author":"E Bertero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bertero E, Dudek J, Cochain C, Delgobo M, Ramos G, Gerull B, et al. Immuno-metabolic interfaces in cardiac disease and failure. Cardiovascular Res. 2022;118:37\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvab036.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Res"},{"key":"9596_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.26599\/1671-5411.2023.03.004","volume":"20","author":"G-Y Zang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zang G-Y, Yin Q, Shao C, Sun Z, Zhang L-L, Xu Y, et al. CD137 signaling aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitophagy mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2023;20:223\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26599\/1671-5411.2023.03.004.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38401","volume":"10","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu X, Chen Y, Cai Y, Hu J. Adenosine deaminase is a risk factor for mortality after discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Long-term clinical follow-up. Heliyon. 2024;10:e38401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38401.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"9596_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.02.001","volume":"40","author":"D Schumacher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schumacher D, Alampour-Rajabi S, Ponomariov V, Curaj A, Wu Z, Staudt M, et al. Cardiac FGF23: new insights into the role and function of FGF23 after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2019;40:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.02.001.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"9596_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy006","volume":"33","author":"M Leifheit-Nestler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leifheit-Nestler M, Kirchhoff F, Nespor J, Richter B, Soetje B, Klintschar M, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is induced by an activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiac myocytes and promotes the pro-fibrotic crosstalk between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2018;33:1722\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy006.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"9596_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173281","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281","volume":"10","author":"T Schmitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmitz T, Wein B, Heier M, Peters A, Meisinger C, Linseisen J. Baseline fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with long-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction-results from the augsburg myocardial infarction registry. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1173281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9596_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0653","volume":"3","author":"BA Bergmark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bergmark BA, Udell JA, Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Steen DL, Jarolim P, et al. Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 With Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3:473\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0653.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"9596_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008334","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008334","volume":"7","author":"MF Almahmoud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almahmoud MF, Soliman EZ, Bertoni AG, Kestenbaum B, Katz R, Lima JAC, et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Heart Failure With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction: MESA. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e008334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.008334.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"9596_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03441-2","volume":"23","author":"G Vergaro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vergaro G, Del Franco A, Aimo A, Gentile F, Castiglione V, Saponaro F, et al. Intact fibroblast growth factor 23 in heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23:433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03441-2.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"}],"container-title":["Clinical Proteomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:16:19Z","timestamp":1775718979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12014-026-09596-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-6416","1559-0275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-6416","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Bavarian Medical Association (\u201cBayerische Landes\u00e4rztekammer\u201d), approval number: 12057. Furthermore, the collection of blood was approved by the ethics committee of the Bavarian Medical Association, approval number 09016.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}