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Our study aimed to assess the association between air pollution and ovarian reserve in young, infertile women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study included 2276 Korean women who attended a single fertility center in 2016\u20132018. Women\u2019s exposure to air pollution was assessed using concentrations of particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and ozone (O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) that had been collected at 269 air quality monitoring sites. Exposure estimates were computed for 1, 3, 6, and 12\u2009months prior to the ovarian reserve tests. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) ratio (defined as an observed-to-expected AMH based on age) and low AMH (defined as &lt;\u20090.5\u2009ng\/mL) were employed as indicators of ovarian reserve. We included a clustering effect of 177 districts in generalized estimating equations approach. A secondary analysis was conducted restricting the analyses to Seoul residents to examine the association in highly urbanized setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 36.6 \u00b1 4.2\u2009years and AMH level was 3.3 \u00b1 3.1\u2009ng\/mL in the study population. Average AMH ratio was 0.8 \u00b1 0.7 and low AMH was observed in 10.3% of women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =235). The average concentration of six air pollutants was not different between the normal ovarian reserve and low AMH groups for all averaging periods. In multivariable models, an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in 1\u2009month-average PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with decrease in AMH ratio among total population (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.06, 95% confidence interval: \u22120.11, 0.00). When we restrict our analysis to those living in Seoul, IQR-increases in 1 and 12\u2009month-average PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      were associated with 3% (95% CI: \u22120.07, 0.00) and 10% (95% CI: \u22120.18, \u22120.01) decrease in AMH ratio. The ORs per IQR increase in the six air pollutants were close to null in total population and Seoul residents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort of infertile Korean women, there was a suggestive evidence of the negative association between ambient PM concentration and ovarian reserve, highlighting the potential adverse impact of air pollution on women\u2019s fertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00942-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T13:05:19Z","timestamp":1613048719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Outdoor air pollution and diminished ovarian reserve among infertile Korean women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6270-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Ah","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ok-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seulgi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changmin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You Shin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Ki","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.093","volume":"103","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 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