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We have previously reported that exposure to asbestos fibers causes a reduction in antitumor immunity. Asbestos exposure in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed suppressed induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), accompanied by a decrease in proliferation of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Recently, we reported that asbestos-induced suppression of CTL induction is not due to insufficient levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2). In this study, we continue to investigate the mechanism responsible for the effect of asbestos fibers on the differentiation of CTLs and focus on interleukin-15 (IL-15) which is known to be a regulator of T lymphocyte proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For MLR, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with irradiated allogenic PBMCs upon exposure to chrysotile B asbestos at 5 \u03bcg\/ml for 7 days. After 2 days of culture, IL-15 was added at 1 ng\/ml. After 7 days of MLR, PBMCs were collected and analyzed for phenotypic and functional markers of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells with fluorescence-labeled anti-CD3, anti-CD8, anti-CD45RA, anti-CD45RO, anti-CD25, and anti-granzyme B antibodies using flow cytometry. To examine the effect of IL-15 on the expression level of intracellular granzyme B in proliferating and non-proliferating CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphocytes, PBMCs were stained using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and then washed and used for the MLR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IL-15 addition partially reversed the decrease in CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell numbers and facilitated complete recovery of granzyme B<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell percentages. IL-15 completely reversed the asbestos-induced decrease in percentage of granzyme B<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in both non-proliferating CFSE-positive and proliferating CFSE-negative CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. The asbestos-induced decrease in the percentage of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphocytes was not reversed by IL-15.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings indicate that CTLs induced upon exposure to asbestos possess dysfunctional machinery that can be partly compensated by IL-15 supplementation, and that IL-15 is more effective in the recovery of proliferation and granzyme B levels from asbestos-induced suppression of CTL induction compared with IL-2.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00967-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1618844678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of IL-15 addition on asbestos-induced suppression of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Kumagai-Takei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasumitsu","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suni","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Yoshitome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takemi","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sporn TA, Roggli, V L. 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The project was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committees of Kawasaki Medical School.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}