{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T19:26:27Z","timestamp":1774293987932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yamakagashi venom is a prothrombin activator, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. We report a fatal case of severe coagulopathy from head trauma assumed to be caused by a yamakagashi bite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 80-year-old man fell and developed systemic tonic\u2013clonic convulsions. Head computed tomography revealed brain contusion and acute subdural hematoma. Physical examination revealed two bite marks with persistent bleeding on the right lower leg. The patient stated that he had been bitten by some creature 3 days prior, but the bite was left untreated. Laboratory tests showed fibrinogen levels below the detection limit. Although eighteen units of fresh frozen plasma were administered for coagulopathy, fibrinogen levels did not improve. He died about 18 h after a head injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case of a yamakagashi bite with active bleeding due to trauma, early administration of yamakagashi antivenom should be considered to control coagulopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1639976592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A fatal case of traumatic brain injury with severe coagulopathy due to Rhabdophis tigrinus (yamakagashi) bites: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2790-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Ueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiino","family":"Yasukazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-014-0044-5","volume":"2","author":"T Hifumi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hifumi T, Sakai A, Yamamoto A, Murakawa M, Ato M, Shibayama K, et al. Effect of antivenom therapy of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi snake) bites. J Intensive Care. 2014;2(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40560-014-0044-5.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"402_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.64.397","volume":"64","author":"K Morokuma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morokuma K, Kobori N, Fukuda T, Uchida T, Sakai A, Toriba M, et al. Experimental manufacture of equine antivenom against Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus). Jpn J Infect Dis. 2011;64(5):397\u2013402. https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/JJID\/64\/397.pdf.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"402_CR3","first-page":"250","volume":"47","author":"H Ogawa","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ogawa H, Ohmura Y, Ohhashi D, et al. A case of death due to snake (Rhabdophis tigrinus) bite and a review of similar case reports in Japan. J Jpn Surg Assoc. 1986;47(2):250\u20133 https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ringe1963\/47\/2\/47_2_250\/_pdf\/-char\/ja.","journal-title":"J Jpn Surg Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"402_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.31.157","volume":"31","author":"K Komori","year":"2006","unstructured":"Komori K, Konishi M, Maruta Y, et al. Characterization of a novel metalloproteinase in Duvernoy\u2019s gland of Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus. J Toxicol Sci. 2006;31(2):157\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2131\/jts.31.157.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"402_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.69","volume":"2","author":"T Hifumi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hifumi T, Murakawa M, Sakai A, Ginnaga A, Yamamoto A, Ato M, et al. Potentially fatal coagulopathy secondary to Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) bites that completely recovered with antivenom treatment. Acute Med Surg. 2015;2(2):123\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ams2.69. eCollection 2015 Apr.","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"402_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-015-0081-8","volume":"3","author":"T Hifumi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hifumi T, Sakai A, Kondo Y, Yamamoto A, Morine N, Ato M, et al. Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment. J Intensive Care. 2015;3(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40560-015-0081-8. eCollection 2015.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"402_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12841","volume":"13","author":"K Yamakawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamakawa K, Aihara M, Ogura H, Yuhara H, Hamasaki T, Shimazu T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in severe sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13(4):508\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.12841. Epub 2015 Mar 5.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"402_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02267.x","volume":"5","author":"H Saito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saito H, Maruyama I, Shimazaki S, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) in disseminated intravascular coagulation: results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(1):31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02267.x. Epub 2006 Oct 13.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-020-00183-7","volume":"2","author":"Y Asai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asai Y, Yamamoto T, Kito D, et al. Factors influencing the effectiveness of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin on disseminated intravascular coagulation: a retrospective study. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2020;2(1):6\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40780-020-00183-7.","journal-title":"J Pharm Health Care Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T02:11:41Z","timestamp":1674094301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/intjem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12245-021-00402-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-401396\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1865-1372","1865-1380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1372","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s relative for the publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"77"}}