{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:31:35Z","timestamp":1786480295170,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Emerg Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T07:25:30Z","timestamp":1786433130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Key components for responding to burn mass casualty incidents: a comprehensive systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Mahdi Doust","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Khajehaminian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojjat","family":"Farahmandnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1338_CR1","unstructured":"Amini-Rarani M et al. 'Poverty's scar': a qualitative inquiry of financing shortcomings in specialized burn hospitals. 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"1338_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2010.08.012","volume":"37","author":"PM Vogt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vogt PM, Busche MN. Evaluation of infrastructure, equipment and training of 28 burn units\/burn centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Burns. 2011;37(2):257\u201364.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000441","volume":"38","author":"A Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai A, et al. Review of Recent Large-Scale Burn Disasters Worldwide in Comparison to Preparedness Guidelines. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(1):36\u201344.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR4","first-page":"20","volume":"12","author":"RD Kearns","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kearns RD, et al. Hospital bioterrorism planning and burn surge. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy. Pract Sci. 2014;12(1):20\u20138.","journal-title":"Pract Sci"},{"key":"1338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.70733","volume":"43","author":"S Mashreky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mashreky S, et al. Managing burn patients in a fire disaster: Experience from a burn unit in Bangladesh. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010;43:01.","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"1338_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tkaa030","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkaa030","volume":"8","author":"J Mathers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathers J, et al. Ensuring that the outcome domains proposed for use in burns research are relevant to adult burn patients: a systematic review of qualitative research evidence. Burns trauma. 2020;8:tkaa030.","journal-title":"Burns trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"1338_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.08.026","volume":"32","author":"M Haberal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haberal M. Guidelines for dealing with disasters involving large numbers of extensive burns. Burns. 2006;32(8):933\u20139.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"6","key":"1338_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.01.018","volume":"39","author":"H Nilsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nilsson H, et al. Simulation-assisted burn disaster planning. Burns. 2013;39(6):1122\u201330.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"8","key":"1338_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.07.008","volume":"48","author":"SK Almeland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almeland SK, et al. Burn mass casualty incidents in Europe: a European response plan within the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism. burns. 2022;48(8):1794\u2013804.","journal-title":"burns"},{"key":"1338_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petanidis S, et al. Optimizing emergency response in hospitals: a systematic review of surge capacity planning and crisis resource management. Healthcare. 2025.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13212819"},{"issue":"01","key":"1338_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970066","volume":"15","author":"M Rapp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rapp M, Uhlig C, Dittel K-K. The treatment of mass burn casualties resulting from mass disaster. Osteosynthesis Trauma Care. 2007;15(01):8\u201316.","journal-title":"Osteosynthesis Trauma Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221","volume":"34","author":"QN Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong QN, et al. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Educ Inform. 2018;34(4):285\u201391.","journal-title":"Educ Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00107-9","volume":"28","author":"S Carley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carley S, et al. Planning for major burns incidents by implementing an accelerated Delphi technique. Burns. 2002;28(5):413\u20138.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2","key":"1338_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.12.011","volume":"49","author":"T Leclerc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leclerc T, et al. European Burns Association guidelines for the management of burn mass casualty incidents within a European response plan. Burns. 2023;49(2):275\u2013303.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2","key":"1338_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.07.001","volume":"47","author":"A Hughes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hughes A, et al. Recommendations for burns care in mass casualty incidents: WHO Emergency Medical Teams Technical Working Group on Burns (WHO TWGB) 2017\u20132020. Burns. 2021;47(2):349\u201370.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"1338_CR17","unstructured":"Organization WH. A WHO plan for burn prevention and care. 2008."},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31815f2b8c","volume":"29","author":"RW Yurt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yurt RW, et al. Burn disaster response planning: an urban region\u2019s approach. J Burn Care Res. 2008;29(1):158\u201365.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"1338_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.905197","volume":"24","author":"A Surowiecka-Pastewka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Surowiecka-Pastewka A, Witkowski W, Kawecki M. A new triage method for burn disasters: Fast triage in burns (FTB). Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:1894\u2013901.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR20","first-page":"48","volume":"26","author":"B Atiyeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atiyeh B, Gunn SWA, Dibo S. Primary triage of mass burn casualties with associated severe traumatic injuries. Annals burns Fire Disasters. 2013;26(1):48.","journal-title":"Annals burns Fire Disasters"},{"issue":"2","key":"1338_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.06.009","volume":"35","author":"L Welling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Welling L, et al. Reliability of the Primary Triage Process after the Volendam Fire Disaster. J Emerg Med. 2008;35(2):181\u20137.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0145-5","volume":"6","author":"MG Jeschke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeschke MG, et al. Burn injury. Nat reviews Disease primers. 2020;6(1):11.","journal-title":"Nat reviews Disease primers"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1338_CR23","first-page":"S64","volume":"34","author":"T Palmieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palmieri T, et al. Triage\/resource table for a burn disaster. J Burn Care Res. 2013;34(Suppl 1):S64.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"SUPPL 2","key":"1338_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181af0b00","volume":"67","author":"V Vandenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vandenberg V, et al. Burn surge for Los Angeles County, California. J Trauma - Injury Infect Crit Care. 2009;67(SUPPL 2):S143\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma - Injury Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000368","volume":"38","author":"LC Cancio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancio LC, et al. Guidelines for burn care under austere conditions: surgical and nonsurgical wound management. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(4):203\u201314.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/15031430510034640","volume":"2","author":"LC Cancio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cancio LC, Pruitt BA Jr. Management of mass casualty burn disasters. Int J Disaster Med. 2004;2(4):114\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1338_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad059","volume":"44","author":"RD Kearns","year":"1428","unstructured":"Kearns RD, et al. Development of Prepositioned Burn Care-specific Disaster Resources for a Burn Mass Casualty Incident. J Burn Care Res. 1428;44(6):1428\u201333.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa050","volume":"41","author":"RD Kearns","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kearns RD, et al. Actionable, revised (v. 3), and amplified American Burn Association triage tables for mass casualties: a civilian defense guideline. J Burn Care Res. 2020;41(4):770\u20139.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31829afe25","volume":"35","author":"RD Kearns","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kearns RD, et al. Disaster planning: the basics of creating a burn mass casualty disaster plan for a burn center. J Burn Care Res. 2014;35(1):e1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18722-3","volume":"15","author":"H Ghasemi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghasemi H, et al. Challenges in burn care management: a qualitative study of health professionals\u2019 and patients\u2019 perspectives. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):33401.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00108-0","volume":"28","author":"L Randic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Randic L, et al. Planning for major burns incidents in the UK using an accelerated Delphi technique. Burns. 2002;28(5):405\u201312.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"1338_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helminiak C, et al. Proceedings of the National Burn Surge Strategy Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, March, 2012. J Burn Care Res. 2014;35(1):e54-e65.","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000033"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2012.01578.x","volume":"24","author":"M Little","year":"2012","unstructured":"Little M, et al. Lessons learned\u2019: A comparative case study analysis of an emergency department response to two burns disasters. EMA - Emerg Med Australasia. 2012;24(4):420\u20139.","journal-title":"EMA - Emerg Med Australasia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3182853cf7","volume":"35","author":"RD Kearns","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kearns RD, et al. Disaster Planning: Transportation Resources and Considerations for Managing a Burn Disaster. J Burn Care Res. 2014;35(1):E21\u201332.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1338_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03110.x","volume":"194","author":"HJ Cleland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cleland HJ, et al. Multidisciplinary team response to a mass burn casualty event: outcomes and implications. Med J Aust. 2011;194(11):589\u201393.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182111021","volume":"67","author":"M Seifman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seifman M, et al. Bushfire disaster burn casualty management: the Australian Black Saturday bushfire experience. Ann Plast Surg. 2011;67(5):460\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR37","first-page":"879","volume":"50","author":"M Firouzkouhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Firouzkouhi M, et al. Nurses\u2019 roles in nursing disaster model: a systematic scoping review. Iran J public health. 2021;50(5):879.","journal-title":"Iran J public health"},{"key":"1338_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ABA Board of Trustees, Committee on Organization and Delivery of Burn Care. Disaster management and the ABA Plan. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2005;26(2):102\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BCR.0000158926.52783.66.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000158926.52783.66"},{"issue":"5","key":"1338_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.03.019","volume":"44","author":"EK Yeong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeong EK, et al. Response of a local hospital to a burn disaster: Contributory factors leading to zero mortality outcomes. Burns. 2018;44(5):1083\u201390.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"6","key":"1338_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz105","volume":"40","author":"M Al-Shamsi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Shamsi M, et al. Assessment of the Capacity and Capability of Burn Centers to Respond to Burn Disasters in Belgium: A Mixed-Method Study. J Burn Care Res. 2019;40(6):869\u201377.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"1338_CR41","first-page":"e934039","volume":"28","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Z, et al. Use of the Braden Scale to Predict Injury Severity in Mass Burn Casualties. Med Sci Monit. 2022;28:e934039.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"6","key":"1338_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.11.006","volume":"49","author":"S Dash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dash S, et al. Quality indicators in burn care: An international burn care professionals survey to define them. Burns. 2023;49(6):1260\u20136.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1338_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.04.025","volume":"179","author":"F Uygur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uygur F, \u00d6ks\u00fcz S, Y\u00fcksel F. Burn disasters in shooting range areas. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;179(2\u20133):144\u20136.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1338_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0199-9","volume":"13","author":"CJ Ng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ng CJ, et al. Introduction of a mass burn casualty triage system in a hospital during a powder explosion disaster: a retrospective cohort study. World J Emerg surgery: WJES. 2018;13:38.","journal-title":"World J Emerg surgery: WJES"},{"issue":"2","key":"1338_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000155527.76205.A2","volume":"26","author":"BA Cairns","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cairns BA, et al. Managing a combined burn trauma disaster in the post-9\/11 world: lessons learned from the 2003 West Pharmaceutical plant explosion. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2005;26(2):144\u201350.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"1338_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01380-9","volume":"33","author":"A Lindquist","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lindquist A, et al. Factors influencing the pre-hospital management of civilian burn mass casualty incidents in the 21st century: a scoping review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025;33(1):74.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"1338_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Datta PK, Roy Chowdhury S, Aravindan A, Saha S, Rapaka S. Medical and surgical care of critical burn patients: a comprehensive review of current evidence and practice. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31550.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31550"},{"key":"1338_CR48","unstructured":"Hotel HC. American burn association. 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"1338_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.06.012","volume":"59","author":"JL Hick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hick JL, Hanfling D, Cantrill SV. Allocating scarce resources in disasters: emergency department principles. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;59(3):177\u201387.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1338_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2014.05.011","volume":"94","author":"J Jeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeng J, Gibran N, Peck M. Burn care in disaster and other austere settings. Surg Clin North Am. 2014;94(4):893\u2013907.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:02:21Z","timestamp":1786478541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12245-026-01338-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This systematic review is based on published aggregate data and did not involve direct contact with human participants or collection of primary data. The ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences approved this study. The Ethic approval Code is IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1403.075. The requirement for informed consent was not applicable due to the study design.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"202"}}