{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:08:57Z","timestamp":1773317337381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ophthal Inflamm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) has been suggested to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in ocular inflammation. The index retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous RCI in patients with active scleritis or uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medical records of patients who were diagnosed with different types of active scleritis or uveitis and received RCI for more than six months at a tertiary eye center were reviewed. Patient characteristics including age, sex, comorbidities, clinical findings, treatment details, and adverse events were recorded. A total of 17 eyes of 17 patients were included. Median age was 43 years old and 53% of patients were male. Mean treatment duration was 25.4\u2009\u00b1\u200915.5 months. Indications for RCI therapy were scleritis (7 anterior and 1 posterior) (47.8%), panuveitis (17.4%), retinal vasculitis (17.4%), chronic\/recurrent anterior uveitis (13%), and posterior uveitis (4.35%). RCI was initiated at a dose of 40 to 80 units 3 times weekly. Given the adequate control of inflammation, RCI was successfully discontinued in four patients (23.5%). Prior to RCI therapy, 14 (82.3%) patients were on oral prednisone at an average of 10\u00a0mg daily (range 2.5\u201340\u00a0mg), and two (11.7%) patients discontinued prednisone immediately before initiating RCI due to side effects. After six months of therapy, the prednisone dose was reduced in four (23.5%) patients to an average of 3\u00a0mg daily (range 1\u20135\u00a0mg) and was stopped in eight (53%) patients. Concomitant immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) included mycophenolate mofetil (23.5%) and methotrexate (23.5%), and adalimumab (23.5%). Ten patients were on IMTs prior to using RCI, and during the course of treatment, IMT was stopped in two patients and reduced in one. Side effects included insomnia (23%), hypertension (11.7%), lower extremity edema (11.7%), hyperglycemia (11.7%), weight gain (11.7%), and infection (5.8%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RCI may be considered as a potential therapy with acceptable tolerability for patients with non-infectious scleritis or uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-024-00428-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T19:02:32Z","timestamp":1729796552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous repository corticotropin injection in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Negin","family":"Yavari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Ghoraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng Xian","family":"Thng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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As the study involved a retrospective review of patient records, an informed consent waiver was obtained for enrolled patients and their parents in the case of children under 16.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for the publication has been obtained from the participants and their parents in the case of children under 16.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Prof Quan Dong Nguyen is an Editorial board member and a co-author of this study. He was not involved in the review process. The rest of the authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}