{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:46:20Z","timestamp":1793256380685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ophthal Inflamm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infectious keratitis is a rare but devastating complication following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) that may lead to visual impairment. This study assessed the clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of post-PRK infectious keratitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study was conducted on patients with post-PRK infectious keratitis presenting to Khalili Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, from June 2011 to March 2024. The study was conducted in two stages: the first stage assessed the incidence of post-PRK infectious keratitis among patients who underwent PRK at our center, while the second stage included all patients with post-PRK infectious keratitis, regardless of where their PRK was performed. The following data were collected: demographics, post-surgery presentation time, risk factors, culture results, treatments, follow-up duration, complications, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at admission and the last follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-two patients (42 eyes) with a mean age of 28.74 years (male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1) were included. Among 38,938 PRK procedures performed at our center, the incidence of keratitis was estimated to be 0.018% (7\/38,938). The odds of keratitis during the COVID-19 pandemic were 7.05 times higher (95% CI: 1.58 to 31.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20090.015) than outside this timeframe (February 2020 to August 2023). Gram-positive bacteria were the most commonly isolated pathogens in microbiological studies, accounting for 45.2% (19\/42) of cases. Early-onset infections were primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus (9\/26, 34.6%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4\/26, 15.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4\/26, 15.4%), whereas all of the cases with fungi (4\/4, 100% (and Acanthamoeba (3\/3, 100%) infections caused late-onset infections. All patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, followed by adjusted treatment based on microbial results. Cases developing endophthalmitis and those not responding to treatment or having non-resolving corneal scars required further interventions, such as penetrating keratoplasty and deep vitrectomy. The mean follow-up duration was 40.81 months, and 97.6% (41\/42) of cases experienced CDVA improvement at follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This long-term study found a post-PRK keratitis rate of 0.018%, with gram-positive bacteria as the most common pathogens. Prompt management and regular follow-up assessments are essential for achieving satisfactory outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-025-00452-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T10:28:26Z","timestamp":1736504906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infectious keratitis following photorefractive keratectomy: a 13-year study at a tertiary center"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Attar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Ortega-Usobiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golnoush","family":"Mahmoudinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagny","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"452_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.06.004","volume":"31","author":"D Flitcroft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Flitcroft D (2012) The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"4"}}