{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:56:27Z","timestamp":1781636187048,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ophthal Inflamm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular toxoplasmosis represents the most common cause of posterior uveitis worldwide and remains a major cause of visual morbidity, particularly among young and immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and dexamethasone with concurrent systemic cotrimoxazole and oral corticosteroids in patients with active Toxoplasma chorioretinitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective interventional case series included a total of seven eyes from seven consecutive patients with active necrotizing toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and dense vitritis involving zone 1. All examinations were performed by a uveitis specialist. Each patient received a single intravitreal injection of trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and dexamethasone, in addition to systemic cotrimoxazole and prednisolone. Clinical evaluation included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), grading of ocular inflammation, and fundus examination. Patients were followed weekly for one month and subsequently on a monthly basis for three months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients demonstrated a rapid reduction in inflammation and lesion size, accompanied by improvement in BCVA, achieving a final visual acuity of 8\/10 to 10\/10 at one month. No ocular or systemic complications, IOP elevation, or recurrence were observed during the three-month follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjuvant intravitreal cotrimoxazole therapy appears to be a safe and effective option for vision-threatening ocular toxoplasmosis, providing rapid disease control and excellent visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-026-00571-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:38:49Z","timestamp":1771580329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravitreal cotrimoxazole as adjuvant therapy for active ocular toxoplasmosis: a case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Seyedeh Maryam","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Azadmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghodsieh","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad Motamed","family":"Shariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"571_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2117705","volume":"31","author":"EJH Goh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goh EJH, Putera I, La Distia Nora R, Mahendradas P, Biswas J, Chee SP, Testi I, Pavesio CE, Curi ALL, Vasconcelos-Santos DV et al (2023) Ocular Toxoplasmosis. 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