{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:12:34Z","timestamp":1789085554402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ophthal Inflamm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical features and outcomes of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) presenting after intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single centre, retrospective observational case series involving three patients who developed CMVR several months after FAc implantation at the uveitis department at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. Clinical history, immune status, ocular findings, imaging, and management were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis and no systemic treatment presented 14 months post-implant with granular retinitis and severe occlusive retinal vasculitis. He developed renal toxicity to valganciclovir, necessitating intravitreal foscarnet and FAc implant removal. The second patient with presumed ocular sarcoidosis on multiple immunosuppressive agents developed fulminant necrotising CMVR eight months after FAc implantation and responded well to systemic valganciclovir with adjunctive intravitreal foscarnet therapy. The third patient, an elderly man with previous CMV retinitis in the context of follicular lymphoma, experienced reactivation at the margin of an old scar several months after FAc implantation and was stabilised with intravenous and intravitreal foscarnet. Although two patients had bilateral implants, the retinitis remained unilateral. Across cases, presentations ranged from granular retinitis with vasculitis to fulminant necrosis and late reactivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed-onset CMVR can occur in eyes treated with FAc implants, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Recognition of atypical presentations, early PCR testing and timely antiviral therapy are essential to preserve vision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:47:56Z","timestamp":1782287276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus retinitis after 0.2\u00a0\u00b5g\/day fluocinolone acetonide implantation: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anamika","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Testi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Pavesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider EW, Elner SG, van Kuijk FJ, Goldberg N, Lieberman RM, Eliott D, Johnson MW. Chronic retinal necrosis: cytomegalovirus necrotizing retinitis associated with panretinal vasculopathy in non-HIV patients. Retina. 2013 Oct;33(9):1791-9","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318285f486"},{"key":"609_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhry SG, Fung AT. Cytomegalovirus retinitis following dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2021 Mar 4;22:101055.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101055"},{"key":"609_CR3","unstructured":"Alimera Sciences Ltd. ILUVIEN 190 micrograms intravitreal implant in applicator \u2014 Summary of Product Characteristics [Internet]. 2025 Feb 24 [cited 2025 Dec 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/3061\/smpc#gre"},{"key":"609_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoji MK, Sengillo JD, Shetty A, Uhr J, Sridhar J. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Associated With Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Injection. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2023 Dec 27;8(2):215\u2013219","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264231221325"},{"key":"609_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takakura A, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA, Guex-Crosier Y, Chan CC, Brown DM, Thorne JE, Wang R, Cunningham ET Jr. Viral retinitis following intraocular or periocular corticosteroid administration: a case series and comprehensive review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014 Jun;22(3):175\u2009\u2212\u200982.","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.866256"},{"key":"609_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulla D, Ali Y, Menezo V, Taylor SRJ. The Use of Sustained Release Intravitreal Steroid Implants in Non-Infectious Uveitis Affecting the Posterior Segment of the Eye. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022 Apr;11(2):479\u2013487.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00456-4"},{"key":"609_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah SM, Prabhu P, Biswas J. Intravitreal steroid implants in the management of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 1;73","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_712_24"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:47:23Z","timestamp":1789084043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12348-026-00609-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9817409\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1869-5760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-5760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An informed consent was taken from the patient. Study conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Committee: Research Management Committee, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. Reference Number: CaRs_33.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\/participant for publication of the clinical details and any accompanying clinical images included in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr Carlos Pavesio is Editor-in-Chief and Dr Ilaria Testi is an Associate Editor for the journal. However, they were not involved in the editorial handling or decision-making process for this manuscript. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"55"}}