{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:26:39Z","timestamp":1787019999649,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>tRNA-derived fragments have been reported to be key regulatory factors in human tumors. However, their roles in the progression of multiple myeloma remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed RNA-sequencing to explore the expression profiles of tRFs\/tiRNAs in new diagnosed MM and relapsed\/refractory MM samples. The expression of selected tRFs\/tiRNAs were further validated in clinical specimens and myeloma cell lines by qPCR. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict their roles in multiple myeloma progression.We identified 10 upregulated tRFs\/tiRNAs and 16 downregulated tRFs\/tiRNAs. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to analyse the functions of 1 significantly up-regulated and 1 significantly down-regulated tRNA-derived fragments. tRFs\/tiRNAs may be involved in MM progression and drug-resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>tRFs\/tiRNAs were dysregulated and could be potential biomarkers for relapsed\/refractory MM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04167-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T22:02:33Z","timestamp":1620684153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["tRNA-derived fragments as novel potential biomarkers for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Cong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12296-1","volume":"10","author":"S Gooding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gooding S, Olechnowicz SWZ, Morris EV, et al. 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The approval ID was 2016121. All protocols are carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"238"}}