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TgDCX deletion impairs conoid structure and parasite invasion. TgDCX contains two tubulin-binding domains: a partial P25\u03b1 and the DCX\/doublecortin domain. Orthologues are found in apicomplexans and their free-living relatives\n                      <jats:italic>Chromera<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Vitrella<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report that isolated TgDCX-containing conoid fibers retain their pronounced curvature, but loss of TgDCX destabilizes the fibers. We crystallized and determined the 3D-structure of the DCX-domain, which is similar to those of human doublecortin and well-conserved among TgDCX orthologues. However, the orthologues vary widely in targeting to the conoid in\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in modulating microtubule organization in\n                      <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells. Several orthologues bind to microtubules in\n                      <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells, but only TgDCX generates short, strongly curved microtubule arcs. EM analysis shows microtubules decorated with TgDCX bundled into rafts, often bordered on one edge by a \u201cC\u201d-shaped incomplete tube. A\n                      <jats:italic>Chromera<\/jats:italic>\n                      orthologue closely mimics TgDCX targeting in\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      and binds to microtubules in\n                      <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells, but does not generate arcs or \u201cC\u201d-shaped tubes, and fails to rescue the defects of the TgDCX-knockout parasite.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These observations suggest that species-specific features of TgDCX enable it to generate strongly curved tubulin-polymers to support efficient host-cell invasion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-020-0249-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1582887778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A doublecortin-domain protein of Toxoplasma and its orthologues bind to and modify the structure and organization of tubulin polymers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Nagayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip G.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Q.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin A.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e16-05-0271","volume":"28","author":"S Chaaban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaaban S, Brouhard GJ. 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