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Functional interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts are known as the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) and are necessary for a proper functioning of lung tissue. However, a high concentration of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (TGF-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in the asthmatic bronchi drives the structural disintegrity of epithelium with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the bronchial epithelial cells, and of subepithelial fibrosis with the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) of the bronchial fibroblasts. Since previous reports indicate different intrinsic properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts which affect their EMT\/FMT potential beetween cells derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients, cultured separatelly in vitro, we were interested to see whether corresponding effects could be obtained in a co-culture of the bronchial epithelial cells and bronchial fibroblasts. In this study, we investigate the effects of the TGF-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      on the EMT markers of the bronchial epithelial cells cultured in the air-liquid-interface and effectiveness of FMT in the bronchial fibroblast populations in the EMTU models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results show that the asthmatic co-cultures are more sensitive to the TGF-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      than the non-asthmatic ones, which is associated with a higher potential of the asthmatic bronchial cells for a profibrotic response, analogously to be observed in '2D' cultures. They also indicate a noticeable impact of human bronchial epithelial cells on the TGF-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced FMT, stronger in the asthmatic bronchial fibroblast populations in comparison to the non-asthmatic ones. Moreover, our results suggest the protective effects of fibroblasts on the structure of the TGF-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013exposed mucociliary differentiated bronchial epithelial cells and their EMT potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data are the first to demonstrate a protective effect of the human bronchial fibroblasts on the properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells, which suggests that intrinsic properties of not only epithelium but also subepithelial fibroblasts affect a proper condition and function of the EMTU in both normal and asthmatic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-021-00356-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T04:06:09Z","timestamp":1615521969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Responsiveness of human bronchial fibroblasts and epithelial cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors to the transforming growth factor-\u03b21 in epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Milena","family":"Paw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Wnuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Jakie\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Bochenek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"S\u0142adek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Madeja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.6.3807","volume":"21","author":"MJ Evans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Evans MJ, Van Winkle LS, Fanucchi MV, Plopper CG. 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