{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:04:46Z","timestamp":1792800286099,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Nieders\u00e4chsisches Vorab","award":["VWZN2889\/3215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VWZN2889\/3215"]}]},{"name":"Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y9bpm73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4368-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T19:42:39Z","timestamp":1514835759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":587,"title":["Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of three Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from a single patient provide insight into multiple infection of C. difficile"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Uwe","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Brzuszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Gunka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyke","family":"Bunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrin","family":"Spr\u00f6er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Wetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Poehlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Chibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Bohne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Overmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ortrud","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1792-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Liesegang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03853.x","volume":"18","author":"MPM Hensgens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hensgens MPM, Keessen EC, Squire MM, Riley TV, Koene MGJ, de Boer E, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in the community: a zoonotic disease? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:635\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"4368_CR2","unstructured":"Barbut F, Lalande V, Beaugerie L, Eckert C. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Hepato-Gastro. 2013;20:111\u201322."},{"key":"4368_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.11.006","volume":"35","author":"AJ Hryckowian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hryckowian AJ, Pruss KM, Sonnenburg JL. The emerging metabolic view of Clostridium difficile pathogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol. Elsevier Ltd. 2017;35:42\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1086\/659156","volume":"32","author":"BA Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller BA, Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Anderson DJ. Comparison of the burdens of hospital-onset, healthcare facility-associated Clostridium difficile infection and of healthcare-associated infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32:387\u201390.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"4368_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Y Balabanova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balabanova Y, Gilsdorf A, Buda S, Burger R, Eckmanns T, G\u00e4rtner B, et al. Communicable diseases prioritized for surveillance and epidemiological research: results of a standardized prioritization procedure in Germany, 2011. PLoS One. 2011;6:1\u20137.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4368_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12057","volume":"18","author":"MH Wilcox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilcox MH. Overcoming barriers to effective recognition and diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;18:13\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"4368_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00127-14","volume":"28","author":"DR Knight","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knight DR, Elliott B, Chang BJ, Perkins TT, Riley TV. Diversity and evolution in the genome of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28:721\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4368_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis319","volume":"55","author":"FC Lessa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lessa FC, Gould CV, Clifford McDonald L. Current status of Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:65\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4368_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.62","volume":"2","author":"C Ghose","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghose C. Clostridium difficile infection in the twenty-first century. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2013;2:e62.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"4368_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139811","volume":"10","author":"M Steglich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steglich M, Nitsche A, von M\u00fcller L, Herrmann M, Kohl TA, Niemann S, et al. Tracing the spread of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in Germany based on bacterial genome sequences. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0139811.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4368_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002169","volume":"13","author":"L Masri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masri L, Branca A, Sheppard AE, Papkou A, Laehnemann D, Guenther PS, et al. Host\u2013pathogen coevolution: the selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes. PLoS Biol. 2015;13:e1002169.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"4368_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001078","volume":"6","author":"J Zdziarski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zdziarski J, Brzuszkiewicz E, Wullt B, Liesegang H, Biran D, Voigt B, et al. Host imprints on bacterial genomes--rapid, divergent evolution in individual patients. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001078.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4368_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.03.008","volume":"34","author":"L Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang L, Dong D, Jiang C, Li Z, Wang X, Peng Y. Insight into alteration of gut microbiota in Clostridium difficile infection and asymptomatic C. difficile colonization. Anaerobe. 2015;34:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"4368_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7527","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914322107","volume":"107","author":"M He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He M, Sebaihia M, Lawley TD, Stabler RA, Dawson LF, Martin MJ, et al. Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:7527\u201332.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4368_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1830","volume":"38","author":"M Sebaihia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sebaihia M, Wren BW, Mullany P, Fairweather NF, Minton N, Stabler R, et al. The multidrug-resistant human pathogen Clostridium difficile has a highly mobile, mosaic genome. Nat Genet. 2006;38:779\u201386.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"4368_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47743-0","volume":"57","author":"RA Stabler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stabler RA, Dawson LF, Phua LTH, Wren BW. Comparative analysis of BI\/NAP1\/027 hypervirulent strains reveals novel toxin B-encoding gene (tcdB) sequences. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:771\u20135.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00398-8","volume":"181","author":"V Braun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Braun V, Hundsberger T, Leukel P, Sauerborn M, Von Eichel-Streiber C. Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile. Gene. 1996;181:29\u201338.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4368_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.12.005","volume":"166","author":"P Mullany","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mullany P, Allan E, Roberts AP. Mobile genetic elements in Clostridium difficile and their role in genome function. Res Microbiol. Elsevier Masson SAS. 2015;166:361\u20137.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-011-0725-6","volume":"193","author":"E Brzuszkiewicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brzuszkiewicz E, Th\u00fcrmer A, Schuldes J, Leimbach A, Liesegang H, Meyer F-D, et al. Genome sequence analyses of two isolates from the recent Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany reveal the emergence of a new pathotype: Entero-Aggregative-Haemorrhagic Escherichia Coli (EAHEC). Arch Microbiol. 2011;193:883\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003059","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003059","volume":"9","author":"DW Eyre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eyre DW, Cule ML, Griffiths D, Crook DW, Peto TEA, Walker AS, et al. Detection of mixed infection from bacterial whole genome sequence data allows assessment of its role in Clostridium difficile transmission. PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9:e1003059.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"4368_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70241-9","volume":"11","author":"O Balmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balmer O, Tanner M. Prevalence and implications of multiple-strain infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:868\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4368_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24894","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024894","volume":"6","author":"DA Burns","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burns DA, Heeg D, Cartman ST, Minton NP. Reconsidering the Sporulation characteristics of Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile BI\/NAP1\/027. PLoS One. 2011;6:e24894.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4368_CR23","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"T Riedel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riedel T, Bunk B, Thuermer A, Sproer C, Brzuszkiewicz EB, et al. Genome Resequencing of the virulent and multidrug-resistant reference strain Clostridium difficile 630. Genome Announc. 2015;3:15\u20136.","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"4368_CR24","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"T Riedel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riedel T, Bunk B, Wittmann J, Th\u00fcrmer A, Spr\u00f6er C, Gronow S, et al. Complete genome sequence of the Clostridium difficile type strain DSM 1296T. Genome Announc. 2015;3:3\u20134.","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"4368_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Durbin R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with burrows-wheeler transform. Bioinformatics. 2009;25:1754\u201360.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4368_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics. 2014;30:2068\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4368_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000427","volume":"66","author":"H Dannheim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dannheim H, Riedel T, Neumann-Schaal M, Bunk B, Schober I, Spr\u00f6er C, et al. Manual curation and reannotation of the genomes of Clostridium difficile 630\u0394erm and C. difficile 630. J Med Microbiol. Microbiology Society. 2017;66:286\u201393.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-124","volume":"12","author":"M Lechner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lechner M, Findeiss S, Steiner L, Marz M, Stadler PF, Prohaska SJ. Proteinortho: detection of (co-)orthologs in large-scale analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. BioMed Central Ltd. 2011;12:124.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4368_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","volume":"12","author":"N-F Alikhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alikhan N-F, Petty NK, Ben Zakour NL, Beatson SA. BLAST ring image generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons. BMC Genomics. BioMed Central Ltd. 2011;12:402.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"4368_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011147","volume":"5","author":"AE Darling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darling AE, Mau B, Perna NT. progressiveMauve: multiple genome alignment with gene gain, loss and rearrangement. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11147.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4368_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv401","volume":"43","author":"BK Dhillon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dhillon BK, Laird MR, Shay JA, Winsor GL, Lo R, Nizam F, et al. IslandViewer 3: more flexible, interactive genomic island discovery, visualization and analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:104\u20138.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4368_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn529","volume":"24","author":"T Carver","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carver T, Berriman M, Tivey A, Patel C, B\u00f6hme U, Barrell BG, et al. Artemis and ACT: viewing, annotating and comparing sequences stored in a relational database. Bioinformatics. 2008;24:2672\u20136.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4368_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00929-12","volume":"78","author":"JW Sahl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahl JW, Matalka MN, Rasko DA. Phylomark, a tool to identify conserved phylogenetic markers from whole-genome alignments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78:4884\u201392.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-2-r12","volume":"5","author":"S Kurtz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurtz S, Phillippy A, Delcher AL, Smoot M, Shumway M, Antonescu C, et al. Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes. Genome Biol. 2004;5:R12.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"4368_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-2-439","volume":"147","author":"M Rupnik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rupnik M, Brazier JS, Duerden BI, Grabnar M, Stubbs SLJ. Comparison of toxinotyping and PCR ribotyping of Clostridium difficile strains and description of novel toxinotypes. Microbiology. 2001;147:439\u201347.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"4368_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70215-2","volume":"5","author":"S Aslam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aslam S, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease: old therapies and new strategies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:549\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4368_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv108","volume":"70","author":"GS Crowther","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crowther GS, Chilton CH, Todhunter SL, Nicholson S, Freeman J, Wilcox MH. Recurrence of dual-strain Clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:2316\u201321.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4368_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2015.01.002","volume":"166","author":"H Br\u00fcggemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Br\u00fcggemann H, Brzuszkiewicz E, Chapeton-Montes D, Plourde L, Speck D. Genomics of Clostridium tetani. Res Microbiol. 2015;166:326\u201331.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.09.009","volume":"15","author":"RJ Carman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carman RJ, Genheimer CW, Rafii F, Park M, Hiltonsmith MF, Lyerly DM. Diversity of moxifloxacin resistance during a nosocomial outbreak of a predominantly ribotype ARU 027 Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Anaerobe. 2009;15:244\u20138.","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"4368_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060771","volume":"13","author":"D Drudy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drudy D, Kyne L, O\u2019Mahony R, Fanning S. gyrA mutations fluoroquinoloneresistant Clostridium difficile PCR-027 [3]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:504\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4368_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.12.002","volume":"66","author":"A Walkty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walkty A, Boyd DA, Gravel D, Hutchinson J, McGeer A, Moore D, et al. Molecular characterization of moxifloxacin resistance from Canadian Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. Elsevier B.V. 2010;66:419\u201324.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4368_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv094","volume":"7","author":"KR Hargreaves","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hargreaves KR, Otieno JR, Thanki A, Blades MJ, Millard AD, Browne HP, et al. As clear as mud? Determining the diversity and prevalence of prophages in the draft genomes of estuarine isolates of Clostridium difficile. Genome Biol Evol. 2015;7:1842\u201355.","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"4368_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00292.x","volume":"35","author":"J Wiedenbeck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiedenbeck J, Cohan FM. Origins of bacterial diversity through horizontal genetic transfer and adaptation to new ecological niches. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011;35:957\u201376.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4368_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002129","volume":"7","author":"S Castillo-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castillo-Ram\u00edrez S, Harris SR, Holden MTG, He M, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, et al. The impact of recombination on dN\/dS within recently emerged bacterial clones. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002129.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4368_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson RC. Site-specific DNA inversion by serine Recombinases. 2014;1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0047-2014"},{"key":"4368_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006701","volume":"13","author":"BR Anjuwon-Foster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anjuwon-Foster BR, Tamayo R, Browne H, Leung W, Frank J, Schmitz A. A genetic switch controls the production of flagella and toxins in Clostridium difficile. PLoS Genet. Kearns DB, editor. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2017;13:e1006701.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4368_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06812.x","volume":"74","author":"JE Emerson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Emerson JE, Reynolds CB, Fagan RP, Shaw HA, Goulding D, Fairweather NF. A novel genetic switch controls phase variable expression of CwpV, a Clostridium difficile cell wall protein. Mol Microbiol. 2009;74:541\u201356.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3179-3186.2000","volume":"38","author":"A Tasteyre","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tasteyre A, Karjalainen T, Avesani V, Delm\u00e9e M, Collignon A, Bourlioux P, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the flagellin gene (fliC) among Clostridium difficile isolates from different serogroups. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3179\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R102","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-9-r102","volume":"10","author":"RA Stabler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stabler RA, He M, Dawson L, Martin M, Valiente E, Corton C, et al. Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. Genome Biol. 2009;10:R102.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"4368_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.01.004","volume":"23","author":"E Stevenson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevenson E, Minton NP, Kuehne SA. The role of flagella in Clostridium difficile pathogenicity. Trends Microbiol. Elsevier Ltd. 2015;23:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4368_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020. 2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3346-2","volume":"17","author":"KR Hargreaves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hargreaves KR, Thanki AM, Jose BR, Oggioni MR, MRJ C. Use of single molecule sequencing for comparative genomics of an environmental and a clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile ribotype 078. BMC Genomics. 2016;17:1020. 2.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"}],"container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12864-017-4368-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T23:14:25Z","timestamp":1603581265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12864-017-4368-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-017-4368-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"article-number":"1"}}