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However, sperm fertility can substantially differ between unsorted (conventional) and sex-sorted semen batches of the same sire. Sperm microRNAs (miRNA) have been suggested as promising biomarkers of bull fertility the last years. In this study, we hypothesized that the miRNA profile of cryopreserved conventional sperm is related to bull fertility after artificial insemination with X-bearing sperm. For this purpose, we analyzed the miRNA profile of 18 conventional sperm samples obtained from nine high- (HF) and nine low-fertility (LF) bulls that were contemporaneously used to produce conventional and sex-sorted semen batches. The annual 56-day non-return rate for each semen type (NRR<jats:sub>conv<\/jats:sub> and NRR<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>, respectively) was recorded for each bull.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 85 miRNAs were detected. MiR-34b-3p and miR-100-5p were the two most highly expressed miRNAs with their relative abundance reaching 30% in total. MiR-10a-5p and miR-9-5p were differentially expressed in LF and HF samples (false discovery rate\u2009&lt;\u200910%). The expression levels of miR-9-5p, miR-34c, miR-423-5p, miR-449a, miR-5193-5p, miR-1246, miR-2483-5p, miR-92a, miR-21\u20135p were significantly correlated to NRR<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub> but not to NRR<jats:sub>conv<\/jats:sub>. Based on robust regression analysis, miR-34c, miR-7859 and miR-342 showed the highest contribution to the prediction of NRR<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A set of miRNAs detected in conventionally produced semen batches were linked to the fertilizing potential of bovine sperm after sex-sorting. These miRNAs should be further evaluated as potential biomarkers of a sire\u2019s suitability for the production of sex-sorted sperm.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-07280-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T13:04:57Z","timestamp":1610024697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The micro-RNA content of unsorted cryopreserved bovine sperm and its relation to the fertility of sperm after sex-sorting"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Esin","family":"Keles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Malama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyka","family":"Bozukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Siuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Witschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bauersachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Bollwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"7280_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000202","volume":"8","author":"GEJ Seidel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seidel GEJ. 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The sperm donors were owned by Swissgenetics, housed in the Swissgenetics Semen Production Center in CH-5243 M\u00fclligen AG, Switzerland and routinely used for commercial bovine semen production. No additional animal handling or treatment were required for the acquirement of the sperm samples. Thus, according to the European, Swiss federal and cantonal legislation, a study approval of animal use for research purposes was not required. In addition, the present study had no effect on the well-being and fate of sperm donors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"UW and SW were employees of Swissgenetics (Swissgenetics, Meielenfeldweg 12, CH-3052 Zollikofen BE, Switzerland; ) at the time of the conception of the study, generation and analysis of the data. 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