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There is evidence that vaccines based on tick proteins that promote tick transmission of B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> could prevent LD.<\/jats:italic> As Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> nymph tick bites are responsible for most LD cases, this study sought to identify nymph tick saliva proteins associated with B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> transmission using LC-MS\/MS. Tick saliva was collected using a non-invasive method of stimulating ticks (uninfected and infected: unfed, and every 12 h during feeding through 72 h, and fully-fed) to salivate into 2% pilocarpine-PBS for protein identification using LC-MS\/MS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Results<\/jats:title>\n We identified a combined 747 tick saliva proteins of uninfected and B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks that were classified into 25 functional categories: housekeeping-like (48%), unknown function (18%), protease inhibitors (9%), immune-related (6%), proteases (8%), extracellular matrix (7%), and small categories that account for <5% each. Notably, B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks secreted high number of saliva proteins (n<\/jats:italic>=645) than uninfected ticks (n<\/jats:italic>=376). Counter-intuitively, antimicrobial peptides, which function to block bacterial infection at tick feeding site were suppressed 23-85 folds in B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks. Similar to glycolysis enzymes being enhanced in mammalian cells exposed to B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> : eight of the 10-glycolysis pathway enzymes were secreted at high abundance by B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks. Of significance, rabbits exposed to B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks acquired potent immunity that caused 40-60% mortality of B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks during the second infestation compared to 15-28% for the uninfected. This might be explained by ELISA data that show that high expression levels of immunogenic proteins in B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infected ticks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Data here suggest that B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection modified protein content in tick saliva to promote its survival at the tick feeding site. For instance, enzymes; copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase that led to production of H2<\/jats:sub>O2<\/jats:sub> that is toxic to B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> were suppressed, while, catalase and thioredoxin that neutralize H2<\/jats:sub>O2<\/jats:sub>, and pyruvate kinase which yields pyruvate that protects Bb<\/jats:italic> from H2<\/jats:sub>O2<\/jats:sub> killing were enhanced. We conclude data here is an important resource for discovery of effective antigens for a vaccine to prevent LD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07429-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T07:02:56Z","timestamp":1614841376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Borrelia burgdorferi infection modifies protein content in saliva of Ixodes scapularis nymphs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tae Kwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Tirloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Bencosme-Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Heung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolene K.","family":"Diedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"John R.","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"7429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1","volume":"67","author":"R Rosenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenberg R, Lindsey NP, Fischer M, Gregory CJ, Hinckley AF, Mead PS, et al. 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Rabbits used in this study were commercially purchased through Comparative Medicine Program at Texas A&M from Harlan Sprague Dawley Inc. (Indianapolis, IN, USA).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"152"}}