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However, whether such associations could truly reflect causal relations remains still unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we leveraged genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for (1) 11 psychiatric disorders (sample sizes varied from <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099,725 to 1,331,010); (2) 110 diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurement (sample size <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917,706); (3) 101 region-of-interest (ROI) volumes, and investigate the causal relationship between brain structures and neuropsychiatric disorders by two-sample Mendelian randomization. Among all DTI-Disorder combinations, we observed a significant causal association between the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the risk of Anorexia nervosa (AN) (Odds Ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20090.62, 95\u2009% confidence interval: 0.50\u2009~\u20090.76, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212\u20096<\/jats:sup>). Similar significant associations were also observed between the body of the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (OR\u2009=\u20091.07, 95\u2009% CI: 1.03\u2009~\u20091.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212\u20095<\/jats:sup>). By combining all observations, we found that the overall <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value for DTI\u2009\u2212\u2009Disorder associations was significantly elevated compared to the null distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009, inflation factor \u03bb\u2009=\u20091.37), especially for DTI\u2009\u2212\u2009Bipolar disorder (BP) (\u03bb\u2009=\u20092.64) and DTI\u2009\u2212\u2009AN (\u03bb\u2009=\u20091.82). In contrast, for ROI-Disorder combinations, we only found a significant association between the brain region of pars triangularis and Schizophrenia (OR\u2009=\u20090.48, 95\u2009% CI: 0.34\u2009~\u20090.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.9\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212\u20095<\/jats:sup>) and no overall p-value elevation for ROI-Disorder analysis compared to the null expectation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As a whole, we show that SLF degeneration may be a risk factor for AN, while DTI variations could be causally related to some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as BP and AN. Also, the white matter structure might have a larger impact on neuropsychiatric disorders than subregion volumes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07661-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1622624699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mendelian randomization studies of brain MRI yield insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Weichen","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9496-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan Ning","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7661_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19050521","volume":"176","author":"A Etkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Etkin A. 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