{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:08:29Z","timestamp":1768475309101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009207","name":"Agrifutures Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRJ-011758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ-011758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abortion in horses leads to economic and welfare losses to the equine industry. Most cases of equine abortions are sporadic, and the cause is often unknown. This study aimed to detect potential abortigenic pathogens in equine abortion cases in Australia using metagenomic deep sequencing methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After sequencing and analysis, a total of 68 and 86 phyla were detected in the material originating from 49 equine abortion samples and 8 samples from normal deliveries, respectively. Most phyla were present in both groups, with the exception of<jats:italic>Chlamydiae<\/jats:italic>that were only present in abortion samples. Around 2886 genera were present in the abortion samples and samples from normal deliveries at a cut off value of 0.001% of relative abundance. Significant differences in species diversity between aborted and normal tissues was observed. Several potential abortigenic pathogens were identified at a high level of relative abundance in a number of the abortion cases, including<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>subsp<jats:italic>ecies zooepidemicus, Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter lwoffii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work revealed the presence of several potentially abortigenic pathogens in aborted specimens. No novel potential abortigenic agents were detected. The ability to screen samples for multiple pathogens that may not have been specifically targeted broadens the frontiers of diagnostic potential. The future use of metagenomic approaches for diagnostic purposes is likely to be facilitated by further improvements in deep sequencing technologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1633354971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Metagenomic investigation of potential abortigenic pathogens in foetal tissues from Australian horses"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rumana","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"El-Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona M.","family":"Sansom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Carrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alistair R.","family":"Legione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"8010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.08.1170","volume":"203","author":"RC Giles","year":"1993","unstructured":"Giles RC, Donahue JM, Hong CB, Tuttle PA, Petrites-Murphy MB, Poonacha KB, et al. Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal death in horses: 3,527 cases (1986-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;203(8):1170\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500113","volume":"5","author":"CB Hong","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hong CB, Donahue JM, Giles RC Jr, Petrites-Murphy MB, Poonacha KB, Roberts AW, et al. Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Investig. 1993;5(1):56\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063879300500113.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500410","volume":"5","author":"CB Hong","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hong CB, Donahue JM, Giles RC Jr, Petrites-Murphy MB, Poonacha KB, Roberts AW, et al. Equine abortion and stillbirth in Central Kentucky during 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons. J Vet Diagn Investig. 1993;5(4):560\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063879300500410.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Investig"},{"issue":"10","key":"8010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100551","volume":"170","author":"ML Marenzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marenzoni ML, Lepri E, Proietti PC, Bietta A, Coletti M, Timoney PJ, et al. Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in central Italy. Vet Rec. 2012;170(10):262.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.11.001","volume":"104","author":"A Leon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leon A, Richard E, Fortier C, Laugier C, Fortier G, Pronost S. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii and Neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates. Prev Vet Med. 2012;104(1\u20132):179\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.11.001.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775600578","volume":"35","author":"KC Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith KC, Blunden AS, Whitwell KE, Dunn KA, Wales AD. A survey of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in the UK from 1988 to 1997. Equine Vet J. 2003;35(5):496\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/042516403775600578.","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.56.2008.3.9","volume":"56","author":"L Szeredi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Szeredi L, Tenk M, Janosi S, Palfi V, Hotzel H, Sachse K, et al. A survey of equine abortion and perinatal foal losses in Hungary during a three-year period (1998\u20132000). Acta Vet Hung. 2008;56(3):353\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/avet.56.2008.3.9.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0835-1","volume":"29","author":"L Szeredi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szeredi L, Hotzel H, Sachse K. High prevalence of chlamydial (Chlamydophila psittaci) infection in fetal membranes of aborted equine fetuses. Vet Res Commun. 2005;29(1):37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11259-005-0835-1.","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR9","first-page":"49","volume":"107","author":"K Henning","year":"2000","unstructured":"Henning K, Sachse K, Sting R. Demonstration of Chlamydia from an equine abortion. Deut Tierarztl Woch. 2000;107(2):49\u201352.","journal-title":"Deut Tierarztl Woch"},{"issue":"10","key":"8010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.05.025","volume":"23","author":"A Polkinghorne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polkinghorne A, Greub G. A new equine and zoonotic threat emerges from an old avian pathogen, Chlamydia psittaci. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(10):693\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.05.025.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0089-y","volume":"7","author":"C Jenkins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jenkins C, Jelocnik M, Micallef ML, Galea F, Taylor Brown A, Bogema DR, et al. An epizootic of Chlamydia psittaci equine reproductive loss associated with suspected spillover from native Australian parrots. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018;7(1):88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41426-018-0089-y.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"8010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13010","volume":"98","author":"R Akter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akter R, Stent A, Sansom F, Gilkerson J, Burden C, Devlin J, et al. Chlamydia psittaci: a suspected cause of reproductive loss in three Victorian horses. Aust Vet J. 2020;98(11):570\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.13010.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091549","volume":"9","author":"M Barkallah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barkallah M, Gharbi Y, Hassena AB, Slima AB, Mallek Z, Gautier M, et al. Survey of infectious etiologies of bovine abortion during mid-to late gestation in dairy herds. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0091549.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1247:IOVTGF]2.0.CO;2","volume":"88","author":"N Canada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Canada N, Meireles CS, Rocha A, Correia da Costa JM, Erickson MW, Dubey JP. Isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected aborted bovine fetuses. J Parasitol. 2002;88(6):1247\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1247:IOVTGF]2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00125-4","volume":"31","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Erratum-Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2001;31(2):217\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00125-4.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233100","volume":"15","author":"R Akter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akter R, Legione A, Sansom F, El-Hage C, Hartley C, Gilkerson J, et al. Detection of Coxiella burnetii and equine herpesvirus 1, but not Leptospira spp. or Toxoplasma gondii, in cases of equine abortion in Australia-a 25 year retrospective study. PloS One. 2020;15(5):e0233100.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"8010_CR17","volume-title":"In the DEFRA\/AHT\/BEVA Equine quarterly disease surveillance report","author":"C Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler C, Werners A, Newton R. Surveillance of infectious and non-infectious causes of equine abortion in the UK: 2006\u20132011. In the DEFRA\/AHT\/BEVA Equine quarterly disease surveillance report. 2011;7(1)."},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2010.12.012","volume":"31","author":"C Laugier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laugier C, Foucher N, Sevin C, Leon A, Tapprest J. A 24-year retrospective study of equine abortion in Normandy (France). J Equine Vet Sci. 2011;31(3):116\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2010.12.012.","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0470-1","volume":"48","author":"S Vidal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vidal S, Kegler K, Posthaus H, Perreten V, Rodriguez Campos S. Amplicon sequencing of bacterial microbiota in abortion material from cattle. Vet Res. 2017;48(1):64.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"8010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/gm485","volume":"5","author":"RR Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller RR, Montoya V, Gardy JL, Patrick DM, Tang P. Metagenomics for pathogen detection in public health. Genome Med. 2013;5(9):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gm485.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58404","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058404","volume":"8","author":"JL Mokili","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mokili JL, Dutilh BE, Lim YW, Schneider BS, Taylor T, Haynes MR, et al. Identification of a novel human papillomavirus by metagenomic analysis of samples from patients with febrile respiratory illness. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0058404.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0878-2","volume":"46","author":"X-F Wan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wan X-F, Barnett JL, Cunningham F, Chen S, Yang G, Nash S, et al. Detection of African swine fever virus-like sequences in ponds in the Mississippi Delta through metagenomic sequencing. Virus Genes. 2013;46(3):441\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11262-013-0878-2.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0133.1","volume":"84","author":"A Chao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chao A, Gotelli NJ, Hsieh TC, Sander EL, Ma KH, Colwell RK, et al. Rarefaction and extrapolation with hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecol Monogr. 2014;84(1):45\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/13-0133.1.","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"8010_CR24","volume-title":"Abricate","author":"T Seemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seemann T. Abricate 2015. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/tseemann\/abricate."},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252312000035","volume":"13","author":"MC Costa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costa MC, Weese JS. The equine intestinal microbiome. Anim Health Res Rev. 2012;13(1):121\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1466252312000035.","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02434.x","volume":"326","author":"ML Shepherd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shepherd ML, Swecker WS Jr, Jensen RV, Ponder MA. Characterization of the fecal bacteria communities of forage-fed horses by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicons. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2012;326(1):62\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02434.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12137","volume":"57","author":"MM O'Donnell","year":"2013","unstructured":"O'Donnell MM, Harris HMB, Jeffery IB, Claesson MJ, Younge B, O'Toole PW, et al. The core faecal bacterial microbiome of Irish thoroughbred racehorses. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2013;57(6):492\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/lam.12137.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187044","volume":"12","author":"KF Beckers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beckers KF, Schulz CJ, Childers GW. Rapid regrowth and detection of microbial contaminants in equine fecal microbiome samples. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187044.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8010_CR29","first-page":"452","volume":"9","author":"YW Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia YW, Cornelius AJ, Donnelly CG, Bicalho RC, Cheong SH, Sones JL. Metagenomic analysis of the equine placental microbiome. Clin Theriogenol. 2017;9:452.","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenol"},{"key":"8010_CR30","first-page":"726109","volume":"1","author":"A Husso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Husso A, Jalanka J, Alipour MJ, Huhti P, Kareskoski M, Pessa-Morikawa T, et al. The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in horse. BioRxiv. 2019;1:726109.","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"8010_CR31","first-page":"453","volume":"9","author":"S LA Sathe","year":"2017","unstructured":"LA Sathe S, Plummer P. Metagenomic sequencing of the uterine microbial environment during estrus and early pregnancy in mares. Clin Theriogenol. 2017;9:453.","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1092-5","volume":"17","author":"SL Bond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bond SL, Timsit E, Workentine M, Alexander T, L\u00e9guillette R. Upper and lower respiratory tract microbiota in horses: bacterial communities associated with health and mild asthma (inflammatory airway disease) and effects of dexamethasone. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17(1):184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-017-1092-5.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"8010_CR33","unstructured":"Jones E. Characterization of the equine microbiome during late gestation and the early postpartum period, and at various times during the estrous cycle in mares being bred with raw or extended semen.\u00a0Masters Thesis: Kansas State University; 2019.\u00a0https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2097\/40228."},{"key":"8010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aagaard K, Ma J, Antony KM, Ganu R, Petrosino J, Versalovic J. The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Trans Med. 2014;6(237). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0172-3","volume":"4","author":"AP Lauder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lauder AP, Roche AM, Sherrill-Mix S, Bailey A, Laughlin AL, Bittinger K, et al. Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota. Microbiome. 2016;4(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-016-0172-3.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"8010_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.003","volume":"54","author":"E Pelzer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelzer E, Gomez-Arango LF, Barrett HL, Nitert MD. Maternal health and the placental microbiome. Placenta. 2017;54:30\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.003.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"8010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01124","volume":"10","author":"LF Stinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stinson LF, Boyce MC, Payne MS, Keelan JA. The not-so-sterile womb: evidence that the human fetus is exposed to bacteria prior to birth. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01124.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.10.1615","volume":"54","author":"A Hoffman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoffman A, Viel L, Prescott J, Rosendal S, Thorsen J. Association of microbiologic flora with clinical, endoscopic, and pulmonary cytologic findings in foals with distal respiratory tract infection. Am J Vet Res. 1993;54(10):1615\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400055789","volume":"77","author":"H Platt","year":"1976","unstructured":"Platt H, Atherton J, \u00d8skov I. Klebsiella and Enterobacter organisms isolated from horses. Epidemiol Infect. 1976;77(3):401\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022172400055789.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.56.2008.2.9","volume":"56","author":"L Szeredi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Szeredi L, J\u00e1nosi S, Tenk M. Klebsiella oxytoca as a cause of equine abortion. Acta Vet Hung. 2008;56(2):215\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/avet.56.2008.2.9.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01711.x","volume":"15","author":"P Timoney","year":"1983","unstructured":"Timoney P, McArdle J, Bryne M. Abortion and meningitis in a thoroughbred mare associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, type 1. Equine Vet J. 1983;15(1):64\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01711.x.","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"8010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Henker LC, Lorenzett MP, Keller A, Siqueira FM, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Fibrinonecrotic placentitis and abortion associated with Pantoea agglomerans infection in a mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2020:103156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103156"},{"key":"8010_CR43","unstructured":"Klemm P. Fimbriae adhesion, genetics, biogenesis, and vaccines.\u00a0Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1994."},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01518.x","volume":"6","author":"CA Bloch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bloch CA, Stocker BA, Orndorff PE. A key role for type 1 pili in enterobacterial communicability. Mol Microbiol. 1992;6(6):697\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01518.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.4.896","volume":"162","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Fujita K, Yokota T. Adherence characteristics to human small intestinal mucosa of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhea or urinary tract infections. Int J Infect Dis. 1990;162(4):896\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/162.4.896.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"8010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9827","volume":"93","author":"I Connell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Connell I, Agace W, Klemm P, Schembri M, M\u0103rild S, Svanborg C. Type 1 fimbrial expression enhances Escherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(18):9827\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9827.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"28","key":"8010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17880","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17880","volume":"272","author":"EV Sokurenko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sokurenko EV, Chesnokova V, Doyle RJ, Hasty DL. Diversity of the Escherichia coli type 1 fimbrial lectin differential binding to mannosides and uroepithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(28):17880\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17880.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"8010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1789","volume":"5","author":"L Dijkshoorn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dijkshoorn L, Nemec A, Seifert H. An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(12):939\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro1789.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"8010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708758","volume":"8","author":"P Mule","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mule P, Patil N, Gaikwad S. Urinary tract infections by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species-a retrospective analysis. J Health Allied Sc. 2018;8(03):017\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1708758.","journal-title":"J Health Allied Sc"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2009-3","volume":"15","author":"A Di Blasio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Blasio A, Traversa A, Giacometti F, Chiesa F, Piva S, Decastelli L, et al. Isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected opportunistic agents from aborted bovine and caprine fetuses. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15(1):257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2009-3.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1334460","volume":"3","author":"M He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He M, Kostadinov S, Gundogan F, Struminsky J, Pinar H, Sung CJ. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes associated with Acinetobacter baumannii infection. AJP Rep. 2013;3(1):51\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1334460.","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"8010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1981.tb05799.x","volume":"57","author":"J Gibson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gibson J, Eaves L. Isolation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticusfrom an aborted equine foetus. Aust Vet J. 1981;57(11):529\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1981.tb05799.x.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"8","key":"8010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.8.214","volume":"118","author":"A Das","year":"1986","unstructured":"Das A, Paranjape V. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in three cases of late abortion in water buffaloes. Vet Rec. 1986;118(8):214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.118.8.214.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"8010_CR54","first-page":"435","volume":"127","author":"S M\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller S, Janssen T, Wieler LH. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in veterinary medicine--emergence of an underestimated pathogen? Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2014;127(11\u201312):435\u201346.","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR55","first-page":"127","volume":"2005","author":"C Chicken","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chicken C, Begg A, Todhunter K. Cluster of equine abortion in Australia associated with bacterial amnionitis-equine amnionitis and foetal loss-a new condition? Aust Equine Vet. 2005;2005(3):127.","journal-title":"Aust Equine Vet"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR56","first-page":"966","volume":"215","author":"V S\u00e1nchez-Encinales","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Encinales V, \u00c1lvarez-Mar\u00edn R, Pach\u00f3n-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez ME, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuenca F, Pascual A, Garnacho-Montero J, et al. Overproduction of outer membrane protein a by Acinetobacter baumannii as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, and mortality rate increase. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;215(6):966\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-014-0087-z","volume":"12","author":"SJ Salter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salter SJ, Cox MJ, Turek EM, Calus ST, Cookson WO, Moffatt MF, et al. Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses. BMC Biol. 2014;12(1):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-014-0087-z.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"8010_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.006","volume":"208","author":"KA Clothier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clothier KA, Villanueva M, Torain A, Hult C, Wallace R. Effects of bacterial contamination of media on the diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus by culture and real-time PCR. Vet Parasitol. 2015;208(3\u20134):143\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.006.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12633-4","volume":"10","author":"MK Annavajhala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Annavajhala MK, Gomez-Simmonds A, Macesic N, Sullivan SB, Kress A, Khan SD, et al. Colonizing multidrug-resistant bacteria and the longitudinal evolution of the intestinal microbiome after liver transplantation. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12633-4.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.006","volume":"155","author":"DC Koboldt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koboldt DC, Steinberg KM, Larson DE, Wilson RK, Mardis ER. The next-generation sequencing revolution and its impact on genomics. Cell. 2013;155(1):27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.006.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"8010_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0156-5","volume":"37","author":"T Charalampous","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charalampous T, Kay GL, Richardson H, Aydin A, Baldan R, Jeanes C, et al. Nanopore metagenomics enables rapid clinical diagnosis of bacterial lower respiratory infection. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37(7):783\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-019-0156-5.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008064118057","volume":"18","author":"B Ehlers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ehlers B, Borchers K, Grund C, Fro K, Ludwig H. Detection of new DNA polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by PCR with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. Virus Genes. 1999;18(3):211\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1008064118057.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"6","key":"8010_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04388.x","volume":"107","author":"T Robertson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robertson T, Bibby S, O\u2019Rourke D, Belfiore T, Lambie H, Noormohammadi AH. Characterization of Chlamydiaceae species using PCR and high resolution melt curve analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. J Appl Microbiol. 2009;107(6):2017\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04388.x.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/2052-2975.8","volume":"1","author":"K Jaton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaton K, Peter O, Raoult D, Tissot JD, Greub G. Development of a high throughput PCR to detect Coxiella burnetii and its application in a diagnostic laboratory over a 7-year period. New Microbes New Infect. 2013;1(1):6\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2052-2975.8.","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"8010_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014","volume":"64","author":"RA Stoddard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stoddard RA, Gee JE, Wilkins PP, McCaustland K, Hoffmaster AR. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction targeting the LipL32 gene. Diagn Micr Infec Dis. 2009;64(3):247\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014.","journal-title":"Diagn Micr Infec Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"8010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00246-12","volume":"78","author":"M Lelu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lelu M, Villena I, Dard\u00e9 ML, Aubert D, Geers R, Dupuis E, et al. Quantitative estimation of the viability of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(15):5127\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00246-12.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"8010_CR67","volume-title":"FastQC","author":"S Andrews","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrews S. FastQC 2010. Available from: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"8010_CR68","volume-title":"TrimGalore","author":"F Krueger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krueger F. TrimGalore 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/trim_galore\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05290-6","volume":"9","author":"JE Jane\u010dka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jane\u010dka JE, Davis BW, Ghosh S, Paria N, Das PJ, Orlando L, et al. Horse Y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-05290-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"8010_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","volume":"34","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H. Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics. 2018;34(18):3094\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"issue":"16","key":"8010_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, et al. The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics. 2009;25(16):2078\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"D 1","key":"8010_CR72","first-page":"D8","volume":"46","author":"R Agarwala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agarwala R, Barrett T, Beck J, Benson DA, Bollin C, Bolton E, et al. Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D 1):D8\u2013D13.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"8010_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.210641.116","volume":"26","author":"D Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim D, Song L, Breitwieser FP, Salzberg SL. Centrifuge: rapid and sensitive classification of metagenomic sequences. Genome Res. 2016;26(12):1721\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.210641.116.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"8010_CR74","first-page":"49","volume":"10","author":"B Meade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meade B, Lafayette L, Sauter G, Tosello D. Spartan HPC-cloud hybrid: delivering performance and flexibility. Univ Melbourne. 2017;10:49.","journal-title":"Univ Melbourne"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz715","volume":"36","author":"FP Breitwieser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Breitwieser FP, Salzberg SL. Pavian: interactive analysis of metagenomics data for microbiome studies and pathogen identification. Bioinformatics. 2019;36(4):1303\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz715.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"8010_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12613","volume":"7","author":"TC Hsieh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsieh TC, Ma KH, Chao A. iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (hill numbers). Methods Ecol Evol. 2016;7(12):1451\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12613.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"8010_CR77","unstructured":"Patil I. Visualizations with statistical details: the \u2018ggstatsplot\u2019 approach. PsyArxiv. 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR78","first-page":"65","volume":"6","author":"S Holm","year":"1979","unstructured":"Holm S. A simple sequentially Rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979;6(2):65\u201370.","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"8010_CR79","volume-title":"Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.4\u20133","author":"J Oksanen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, et al. Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.4\u20133. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"8010_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2003.12.011","volume":"305","author":"MJ Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson MJ, Millar RB. Spatial variation and effects of habitat on temperate reef fish assemblages in northeastern New Zealand. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2004;305(2):191\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jembe.2003.12.011.","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0290:FMMTCD]2.0.CO;2","volume":"82","author":"BH McArdle","year":"2001","unstructured":"McArdle BH, Anderson MJ. Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology. 2001;82(1):290\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0290:FMMTCD]2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006967","volume":"15","author":"JM Mart\u00ed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed JM. Recentrifuge: robust comparative analysis and contamination removal for metagenomics. PLoS Comput Biol. 2019;15(4):e1006967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006967.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8010_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012;9(4):357\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.1923.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"8010_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0090-6","volume":"6","author":"M Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye M, Dashnow H, Raven L-A, Schultz MB, Pope BJ, Tomita T, et al. SRST2: rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology labs. Genome Med. 2014;6(11):90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-014-0090-6.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"8010_CR85","first-page":"D325","volume":"33","author":"L Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen L, Yang J, Yu J, Yao Z, Sun L, Shen Y, et al. VFDB: a reference database for bacterial virulence factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(suppl_1):D325\u2013D8.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8010_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01310-13","volume":"58","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Padmanabhan BR, Diene SM, Lopez-Rojas R, Kempf M, Landraud L, et al. ARG-ANNOT, a new bioinformatic tool to discover antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial genomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(1):212\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01310-13.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"8010_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033","volume":"31","author":"D Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li D, Liu C-M, Luo R, Sadakane K, Lam T-W. MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph. Bioinformatics. 2015;31(10):1674\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T07:54:28Z","timestamp":1725868468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-021-08010-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"713"}}