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Nevertheless, genomic studies within this bee tribe remain scarce. We present the genome assembly of the stingless bee<jats:italic>Melipona bicolo<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>. This bee is a remarkable exception to the typical single-queen colony structure, since in this species, multiple queens may coexist and share reproductive duties, resulting in genetically diverse colonies with weak kinship connections. As the only known genuinely polygynous bee,<jats:italic>M. bicolor<\/jats:italic>\u2019s genome provides a valuable resource for investigating sociality beyond kin selection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genome was assembled employing a hybrid approach combining short and long reads, resulting in 241 contigs spanning 259\u00a0Mb (N50 of 6.2\u00a0Mb and 97.5% complete BUSCOs). Comparative analyses shed light on some evolutionary aspects of stingless bee genomics, including multiple chromosomal rearrangements in<jats:italic>Melipona<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, we explored the evolution of venom genes in<jats:italic>M. bicolor<\/jats:italic>and other stingless bees, revealing that, apart from two genes, the conserved repertoire of venom components remains under purifying selection in this clade.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study advances our understanding of stingless bee genomics, contributing to the conservation efforts of these vital pollinators and offering insights into the evolutionary mechanisms driving their unique adaptations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10075-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T08:01:56Z","timestamp":1707811316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Insights from Melipona bicolor hybrid genome assembly: a stingless bee genome with chromosome-level scaffold"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia de Souza","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2495-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ogihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Mariano","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13852","volume":"25","author":"R Jaff\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jaff\u00e9 R, Pope N, Acosta AL, Alves DA, Arias MC, De la R\u00faa P, et al. 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