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We aimed to explore the roles of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and related immune regulation activities in GC-associated malignant ascites.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>GSE126399 were downloaded from GEO database. Differentially expressed miRNAs in GC ascites samples was firstly screened, and critical miRNAs were further investigated by LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) logistic regression and random forest (RF) algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic of critical miRNAs was also constructed. Moreover, functional analysis, immune cell infiltration associated with differentially expressed mRNAs were further analyzed. After selecting key modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, mRNAs related with survival performance and transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-mRNA network were constructed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hsa-miR-181b-5p was confirmed as critical differentially expressed miRNAs in GC ascites. Then, the tumor samples were divided into high- and low- expression groups divided by mean expression levels of hsa-miR-181b-5p, and subjects with high hsa-miR-181b-5p levels had better survival outcomes. In total, 197 differentially expressed mRNAs associated with hsa-miR-181b-5p levels were obtained, and these mRNAs were mainly enriched in muscle activity and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Hsa-miR-181b-5 was positively related with activated CD4 T cells and negatively related with eosinophil. 17 mRNAs were selected as mRNAs significantly related with prognosis of GC, such as PDK4 and RAMP1. Finally, 75 TF-miRNA-mRNA relationships were obtained, including 15 TFs, hsa-miR-181b-5p, and five mRNAs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data suggest that the differentially expressed hsa-miR-181b-5p in ascites samples of GC patients may be a valuable prognostic marker and a potential target for therapeutic intervention, which should be validated in the near future.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10359-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T08:02:45Z","timestamp":1719216165000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ascites-derived hsa-miR-181a-5p serves as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer-associated malignant ascites"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10359_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. 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