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Previous studies have hypothesised that the uptake of the Tet-island from a host outside the <jats:italic>Chlamydiaceae<\/jats:italic> family was a unique event, followed by spread among <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> through homologous recombination. In vitro recombination studies have shown that Tet-island exchange between <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> strains is possible. Our aim in this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the interclade recombination of the Tet-island, among currently circulating <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> field strains compared to in vitro-generated recombinants, using published whole genome sequences of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> field strains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) and in vitro-generated recombinants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200963).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that the phylogeny of <jats:italic>inv<\/jats:italic> better reflected the phylogeny of the Tet-island than that of the whole genome, supporting recombination rather than site-specific insertion as the means of transfer. There were considerable differences between the distribution of recombinations within in vitro-generated strains compared to that within the field strains. These differences are likely because in vitro-generated recombinants were selected for a tetracycline and rifamycin\/rifampicin resistant background, leading to the largest peak of recombination across the Tet-island. Finally, we found that interclade recombinations across the Tet-island were more variable in length downstream of the Tet-island than upstream.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study supports the hypothesis that the occurrence of TetR strains in both clades of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> came about through interclade recombination after a single ancestral horizontal gene transfer event.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10606-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T21:03:34Z","timestamp":1722027814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chlamydia suis undergoes interclade recombination promoting Tet-island exchange"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6082-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Seth-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4469-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankhya","family":"Bommana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8966-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10606_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachse K, Borel N. 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