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We aimed to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technology to take a deep insight into the circulating genotypes of human\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the genomic characteristics underlying virulence and drug resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included smear positive Ziehl-Neelsen samples from patients with suspected tuberculosis. Samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media and suspected colonies of\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were selected to undergo DNA extraction and WGS. Data was analysed using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC), and online bioinformatics tools. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for our sequenced strains, in addition to a set of 59 previously sequenced\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes from different hosts and countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of total 112 mycobacterial positive cultures, five\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated and underwent WGS. All sequenced strains belonged to\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis var bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , spoligotype BOV_1; BOV_11. Resistance gene mutations were determined in 100% of strains to pyrazinamide (\n                      <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>rpsA)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , isoniazid (\n                      <jats:italic>KatG<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ahpC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), ethambutol (\n                      <jats:italic>embB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>embC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>embR<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ubiA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), streptomycin (\n                      <jats:italic>rpsl<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and fluoroquinolones (\n                      <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Rifampin (\n                      <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>rpoC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and delamanid (\n                      <jats:italic>fbiC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) resistance genes were found in 80% of strains. The major represented virulence classes were the secretion system, cell surface components and regulation system. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness of three sequenced\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains to previous reported cow strains from Egypt and human strains from France, as well as relatedness of one\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain to four human Algerian strains. One sequenced strain was related to one cow strain from Egypt and a human strain from South Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All sequenced\n                      <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates showed the same spoligotype, but diverse phylogeny. Resistance gene mutations were detected for anti-TB drugs including pyrazinamide, isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, cycloserine, rifampin and delamanid. The virulence profile comprised genes assigned mainly to secretion system, cell surface components and regulation system. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic relatedness between our isolates and previously sequenced bovine strains from Egypt as well as human strains from other nearby countries in the region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10909-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T07:02:34Z","timestamp":1730444554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Noha Salah","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May Sherif","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar Mohammed","family":"Khairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha Ali","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherine","family":"Shawky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani Ali","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10909_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1161_19","volume":"156","author":"AV Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh AV, Yadav VS, Chauhan DS, Singh SV. 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