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How gene loss reshapes region-specific transcriptional programs along the testis\u2013epididymis axis remains poorly defined, particularly in the absence of overt fertility defects.\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      is expressed in male reproductive tissues, yet whether\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      loss elicits region-specific transcriptomic alterations along the male reproductive tract remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to systematically characterize spatially resolved transcriptomic changes associated with\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency across the testis and epididymal segments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CD52-knockout male mice displayed normal fertility, as assessed by successful mating and offspring production, and showed no obvious histological abnormalities in the testis or epididymis. Multi-region bulk RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in the testis (119), caput epididymis (284), corpus epididymis (577), and cauda epididymis (294). Functional enrichment analyses revealed that pathways related to cytoskeletal organization and motor protein function were predominantly affected in the testis, caput, and cauda. In contrast, pathways associated with cellular homeostasis and ion transport were uniquely enriched in the corpus epididymis. Protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis further identified region-specific hub genes, including\n                      <jats:italic>Ttn<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the testis and cauda,\n                      <jats:italic>Tcap<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the caput epididymis, as well as\n                      <jats:italic>Spp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the corpus epididymis. Comparative analyses between adjacent tissues highlighted pronounced transcriptional heterogeneity along the testis\u2013epididymis axis in response to\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides a region-resolved transcriptomic characterization of\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency across the testis and epididymal segments. Our findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic>CD52<\/jats:italic>\n                      loss is associated with distinct, spatially organized transcriptional responses along the male reproductive tract, offering insight into region-dependent molecular regulation in the absence of overt reproductive phenotypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-026-12652-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T04:52:50Z","timestamp":1771217570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Region-specific transcriptomic responses to CD52 deficiency in the male reproductive tract"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Huifang","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunzheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martien A. 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