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Synchronising porcine and human maturation is essential to move preclinical research from descriptive to predictive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We built a transcriptomic atlas of porcine development across five tissues (muscle, brain, liver, blood, lung) from 1,924 PigGTEx RNA-seq profiles. A single partial-least-squares (PLS) regressor staged each tissue at its native ordinal resolution and also drove cross-species transfer and biomarker extraction. Our central result: transfer of a pig-trained developmental score to other species is dominated by tissue identity, with phylogenetic distance a weaker secondary effect. Projected onto the seven-species Cardoso-Moreira atlas, transfer was strongest for brain and heart (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\rho = 0.89$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      \u20130.92) and weakest for the labile liver and ovary (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\rho = 0.49$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      and 0.42). Brain and heart stayed high even from pig to chicken (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\rho \\ge 0.95$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      across\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\sim$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      320 Myr), whereas liver and ovary collapsed. A variance partition confirmed the ranking (organ Type-II\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$F = 9.0$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$p = 2\\times 10^{-5}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ; phylogeny significant only at the species level, Spearman\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$-0.76$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$p = 0.049$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$n = 7$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      ). The score independently confirmed lung, muscle, and adipose on the human dGTEx resource (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\rho = 0.59$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      \u20130.67) against an ortholog-scramble null and three controls. Because it is fit on pig and projected onto foreign-batch atlases, the transfer cannot arise from a pig-side artefact. A web application is available at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pigdevstage.streamlit.app\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/pigdevstage.streamlit.app<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The porcine developmental programme transfers to humans and more distant amniotes in a tissue-dependent manner, so the pig\u2019s value as a developmental model is set by how conserved each organ\u2019s developmental logic is, not by phylogenetic proximity. Validated on foreign-species atlases, the transfer sidesteps the stage\u2013study confound that bounds within-pig staging to muscle and liver. The atlas is therefore best used organ by organ: strong for conserved organs (brain, heart) and weak for labile ones (liver).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-026-13103-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:53:17Z","timestamp":1783126397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue identity is the dominant determinant of cross-species transferability of a porcine developmental programme"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujing","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Theobald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"13103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811402846","volume":"49","author":"MM Swindle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swindle MM, Makin A, Herron AJ, Clubb FJ, Frazier KS. 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