{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:19:54Z","timestamp":1778055594734,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0125-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T19:35:38Z","timestamp":1444332938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Increased levels of interleukin 31 (IL-31) in osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lia","family":"Ginaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedra","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Saitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Imbesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"125_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000342426","volume":"160","author":"M Rauner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rauner M, Sipos W, Thiele S, Pietschmann P. Advances in osteoimmunology: pathophysiologic concepts and treatment opportunities. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;160:114\u201325.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0195-2","volume":"12","author":"JF Charles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charles JF, Nakamura MC. Bone and the innate immune system. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"125_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.007","volume":"23","author":"J Zupan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zupan J, Jeras M, Marc J. Osteoimmunology and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on osteoclasts. Biochem Med. 2013;23:43\u201363.","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"125_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0253-7","volume":"14","author":"C Deal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deal C. Bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis: systemic, periarticular, and focal. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012;14:231\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigl V, Penninger JM: RANKL\/RANK-From bone physiology to breast cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014. doi: 10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.01.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.01.002"},{"key":"125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.4.436","volume":"12","author":"SE Painter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Painter SE, Kleerekoper M, Camacho PM. Secondary osteoporosis: a review of the recent evidence. Endocr Pract. 2006;12:436\u201345.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-006-6034-x","volume":"55","author":"M Martinis De","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Martinis M, Di Benedetto MC, Mengoli LP, Ginaldi L. Senile osteoporosis: is it an immune-mediated disease? Inflamm Res. 2006;55:399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls163","volume":"68","author":"S Khosla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khosla S. Pathogenesis of age-related bone loss in humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:1226\u201335.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2013.822764","volume":"42","author":"P D\u2019Amelio","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio P. The immune system and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Immunol Invest. 2013;42:544\u201354.","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08761-5","volume":"359","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet. 2002;359:1929\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"125_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.086595","volume":"64","author":"S Jabbar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jabbar S, Drury J, Fordham JN, Datta HK, Francis RM, Tuck SP. Osteoprotegerin, RANKL and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64:354\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"125_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.068","volume":"1116","author":"MN Weitzmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. T cells: unexpected players in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and in basal bone homeostasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1116:360\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"125_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-009-0023-2","volume":"7","author":"RR McLean","year":"2009","unstructured":"McLean RR. Proinflammatory cytokines and osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2009;7:134\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"125_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000289202","volume":"11","author":"JP David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David JP, Schett G. TNF and bone. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2010;11:135\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"key":"125_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.06.024","volume":"51","author":"T Fujii","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fujii T, Kitaura H, Kimura K, Hakami ZW, Takano-Yamamoto T. IL-4 inhibits TNF-\u03b1-mediated osteoclast formation by inhibition of RANKL expression in TNF-\u03b1-activated stromal cells and direct inhibition of TNF-\u03b1-activated osteoclast precursors via a T-cell-independent mechanism in vivo. Bone. 2012;51:771\u201380.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"125_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1268","volume":"152","author":"H Saleh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saleh H, Eeles D, Hodge JM, Nicholson GC, Gu R, Pompolo S, et al. Interleukin-33, a target of parathyroid hormone and oncostatin m, increases osteoblastic matrix mineral deposition and inhibits osteoclast formation in vitro. Endocrinology. 2011;152:1911\u201322.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"125_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.08.003","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Putheti P, Zhou Q, Liu Q, Gao W. Structures and biological functions of IL-31 and IL-31 receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008;19:347\u201356.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"125_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxq027","volume":"22","author":"PF Cheung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheung PF, Wong CK, Ho AW, Hu S, Chen DP, Lam CW. Activation of human eosinophils and epidermal keratinocytes by Th2 cytokine IL-31: implication for the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Int Immunol. 2010;22:453\u201367.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300304","volume":"23","author":"ML Castellani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castellani ML, Felaco P, Galzio RJ, Tripodi D, Toniato E, De Lutiis MA, et al. IL-31 a cytokine involved in immunity and inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010;23:709\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"125_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1084","volume":"5","author":"SR Dillon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dillon SR, Sprecher C, Hammond A, Bilsborough J, Rosenfeld-Franklin M, Presnell SR, et al. Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice. Nat Immunol. 2004;5:752\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2007.01.028","volume":"35","author":"HE Broxmeyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Broxmeyer HE, Li J, Hangoc G, Cooper S, Tao W, Mantel C, et al. Regulation of myeloid progenitor cell proliferation\/survival by IL-31 receptor and IL-31. Exp Hematol. 2007;35:78\u201386.","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"125_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.03.050","volume":"32","author":"B Stott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stott B, Lavender P, Lehmann S, Pennino D, Durham S, Schmidt-Weber CBJ. Human IL-31 is induced by IL-4 and promotes TH2-driven inflammation. Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;32:446\u201354.","journal-title":"Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.033","volume":"117","author":"E Sonkoly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sonkoly E, Muller A, Lauerma AI, Pivarcsi A, Soto H, Kemeny L, et al. IL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:411\u20137.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.009","volume":"142","author":"T Bando","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bando T, Morikawa Y, Komori T, Senba E. Complete overlap of interleukin-31 receptor A and oncostatin M receptor beta in the adult dorsal root ganglia with distinct developmental expression patterns. Neuroscience. 2006;142:1263\u201371.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"125_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.048","volume":"133","author":"F Cevikbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cevikbas F, Wang X, Akiyama T, Kempkes C, Terhi Savinko T, Antal A, et al. A Sensory neuron-expressed interleukin-31 receptor mediates t helper cell-dependent itch: involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):448\u201360.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02255.x","volume":"65","author":"S Kasraie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kasraie S, Niebuhr M, Werfel T. Interleukin (IL)-31 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and macrophages following stimulation with staphylococcal exotoxins. Allergy. 2010;65:712\u201321.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"125_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.07.015","volume":"118","author":"MM Neis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neis MM, Peters B, Dreuw A, Wenzel J, Bieber T, Mauch C, et al. Enhanced expression levels of IL-31 correlate with IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic and allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:930\u20137.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"125_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1191","volume":"92","author":"S Nobbe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nobbe S, Dziunycz P, M\u00fchleisen B, Bilsborough J, Dillon SR, French LE, et al. IL-31 expression by inflammatory cells is preferentially elevated in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92:24\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"125_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.118679","volume":"56","author":"J Dambacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dambacher J, Beigel F, Seiderer J, Haller D, Goke B, Auernhammer CJ, et al. Interleukin-31 mediates MAP kinase and STAT1\/3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells and its expression is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2007;56:1257\u201365.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"125_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11047.x","volume":"167","author":"CH Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee CH, Hong CH, Yu WT, Chuang HY, Huang SK, Chen GS, et al. Mechanistic correlations between two hitch biomarkers, cytokine interleukin-31 and neuropeptide beta-endorphin, via STAT3\/calcium axis in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167:794\u2013803.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"125_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong CK, Leung KM, Qiu HN, Chow JY, Choi AO, Lam CW: Activation of eosinophils interacting with dermal fibroblasts by pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 and alarmin IL-33: implications in atopic dermatitis. PLoS One. 2012, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0029815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029815"},{"key":"125_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609655200","volume":"282","author":"S Chattopadhyay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay S, Tracy E, Liang P, Robledo O, Rose-John S, Baumann H. Interleukin-31 and oncostatin-M mediate distinct signaling reactions and response patterns in lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:3014\u201326.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"125_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1345","volume":"92","author":"H Ohmatsu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohmatsu H, Sugaya M, Suga H, Morimura S, Miyagaki T, Kai H, et al. Serum IL-31 levels are increased in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92:282\u20133.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"125_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-179416","volume":"113","author":"T Ishii","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ishii T, Wang J, Zhang W, Mascarenhas J, Hoffman R, Dai Y, et al. Pivotal role of mast cells in pruritogenesis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Blood. 2009;113:5942\u201350.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"125_CR35","first-page":"373","volume":"79","author":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:373\u20134.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"125_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyagi AM, Srivastava K, Mansoori MN, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D: Estrogen Deficiency induces the differentiation of IL-17 secreting Th17 cells: a new candidate in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. PLoS One. 2012, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0044552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044552"},{"key":"125_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2062","volume":"7","author":"H Takayanagi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and cross-talk between the immune and bone system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:292\u2013304.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"277","key":"125_CR38","first-page":"16831","volume":"10","author":"G N","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ghilardi N, Li J, Hongo JA, Yi S, Gurney A, De Sauvage FJ. A novel type I cytokine receptor is expressed on monocytes, signals proliferation, and activates STAT-3 and STAT-5. J Biol Chem. 2002;10(277):16831\u20136.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"125_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2011.07.006","volume":"91","author":"C Cornelissen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cornelissen C, L\u00fcscher-Firzlaff J, Baron JM, L\u00fcscher B. Signaling by IL-31 and functional consequences. Eur J Cell Biol. 2012;91:552\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol."},{"key":"125_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0111020","volume":"91","author":"K Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park K, Park JH, Yang WJ, Lee JJ, Song MJ, Kim HP. Transcriptional activation of the IL31 gene by NFAT and STAT6. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;91:245\u201357.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"125_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19301","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.19301","volume":"274","author":"CA O\u2019Brien","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien CA, Gubrij I, Lin SC, Saylorsi LR, Manolagas SC. STAT3 Activation in Stromal\/Osteoblastic Cells Is Required for Induction of the Receptor Activator of NF-kB Ligand and Stimulation of Osteoclastogenesis by gp130-utilizing Cytokines or Interleukin-1 but Not 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Parathyroid Hormone. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:19301\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"125_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.09.023","volume":"76","author":"P Lencel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lencel P, Magne D. Inflammaging: the driving force in osteoporosis? Med Hypotheses. 2011;76:317\u201321.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"125_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10487.x","volume":"165","author":"C Cornelissen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cornelissen C, Brans R, Czaja K, Skazik C, Marquardt Y, Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, et al. Ultraviolet B radiation and reactive oxygen species modulate interleukin-31 expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:966\u201375.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"125_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.02.055","volume":"579","author":"M Martinis De","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Martinis M, Franceschi C, Monti D, Ginaldi L. Inflamm-ageing and lifelong antigenic load as major determinants of ageing rate and longevity. FEBS Lett. 2005;579:2035\u20139.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"125_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061791","volume":"204","author":"JG Perrigoue","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perrigoue JG, Li J, Zaph C, Goldschmidt M, Scott P, de Sauvage FJ, et al. IL-31-IL-31R interactions negatively regulate type 2 inflammation in the lung. J Exp Med. 2007;204:481\u20137.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12865-015-0125-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T12:03:07Z","timestamp":1599652987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2172\/16\/60"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-015-0125-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]]},"article-number":"60"}}