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The reversal and associations of altering adiponectin levels after sustained virological responses (SVRs) following direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in HCV-infected patients remained elusive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A joint study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 427 HCV-infected patients and a line of HCV core transgenic mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 427, 358 had completed a course of DAA therapy and 353 had SVRs. At baseline, male sex (95% CI \u03b2: \u2212\u20091.44\u2009to\u2009\u2212\u20090.417), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (\u2212\u20090.025\u2009to\u2009\u2212\u20090.008), triglycerides (\u2212\u20090.015\u2009to\u2009\u2212\u20090.005), and fibrosis-4 levels (0.08\u20130.297) were associated with adiponectin levels; BMI (0.029\u20130.327) and triglycerides levels (0.01\u20130.03) were associated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in HCV-infected patients. At 24-week post-therapy, in SVR patients, male sex (\u2212\u20091.89\u2009to\u2009\u2212\u20090.5) and eGFR (\u2212\u20090.02\u2009to\u2009\u2212\u20090.001) levels were associated with adiponectin levels, levels of BMI (0.094\u20130.335) and alanine transaminase (0.018\u20130.078) were associated with HOMA-IR; compared with baseline levels, adiponectin levels decreased (6.53\u2009\u00b1\u20092.77 vs. 5.45\u2009\u00b1\u20092.56\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In 12-month-old HCV core transgenic mice with hepatic steatosis, triglyceride levels (0.021\u20130.111) were associated with adiponectin levels, and hepatic adipopnectin expression was comparable with that of control mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Triglycerides and hepatic fibrosis are associated with HCV-specific alteration of adiponectin levels, and adiponectin may affect insulin sensitivity through triglycerides during HCV infection. In DAA-treated patients, after SVR, adiponectin levels decreased and the linking function of triglycerides between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity vanished. Moreover, HCV core with hepatic steatosis might affect extrahepatic adiponectin expression through triglycerides.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00445-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T21:02:46Z","timestamp":1628715766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Critical role of triglycerides for adiponectin levels in hepatitis C: a joint study of human and HCV core transgenic mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4902-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Ling","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Heng","family":"Pao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shyan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiang-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ming","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong-Nan","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10207","key":"445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32320-7","volume":"394","author":"CW Spearman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spearman CW, Dusheiko GM, Hellard M, Sonderup M. 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The study protocols for human and animal studies conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Chang Gung Medical Foundation Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB No. 201801511B0) and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (IACUC No. 2018091701).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. The study protocols for human and animal studies conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the local institutional review board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}