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IL-5, POSTN, and IL-33 are important factors that act as chemoattractants for eosinophils, and a tissue-remodeling protein positively correlated with eosinophils in blood and mediators of eosinophilic infiltration. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of IL-5, POSTN and IL-33, at the gene and protein levels, in eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and to correlate this expression with clinical severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 40 CRSwNP patients and 53 CRSsNP patients and 40 control subjects. The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>IL-5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>POSTN<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA was determined in sinonasal mucosal samples and in nasal polyp tissue by real-time PCR. Protein levels in the serum of CRSwNP patients were measured by ELISA. Computed tomography was evaluated according to Lund\u2013Mackay scores, and visual analog scale scores were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NP tissue demonstrated significantly higher\n                      <jats:italic>IL-5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>POSTN<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression than the sinonasal tissue in the CRSsNP and CRSwNP groups. CRS groups demonstrated elevated\n                      <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression in comparison to controls irrespective of the presence of NP. No correlation was found between\n                      <jats:italic>IL-5, POSTN<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression and disease severity. CRSwNP group demonstrated significantly higher serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 protein levels than controls, and this corresponds to disease severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels may be important markers for classification of eosinophilic CRSwNP patients, along with disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00507-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1656154986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis correlate with clinical severity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zieli\u0144ska-Bli\u017aniewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Paprocka-Zjawiona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Merecz-Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Zajdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bli\u017aniewska-Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Malinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S29","key":"507_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"WJ Fokkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, Toppila-Salmi S, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Mullol J, Alobid I, et al. 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