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Rat model of PM and C2C12 cell were used to investigate the potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome in PM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The percentage of CD 68+ macrophages, and the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1\u03b2 in the muscle tissue were elevated in 27 PM patients. LPS\/ATP treatment resulted in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1\u03b2 as well as interferons (IFNs) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the Raw 264.7 macrophages. Meanwhile, LPS\/ATP challenged activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced overexpression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), a key molecular of PM in the co-cultured C2C12 cells. The effect was decreased by treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 or siRNA of NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggested certain levels of IL-1\u03b2 rather than IFNs up-regulated MHC-I expression in C2C12 cells. IL-1\u03b2 blockade using neutralizing IL-1\u03b2 monoclonal antibody or siRNA of IL-1\u03b2 suppressed MHC-I overexpression. In vivo, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by MCC950 reduced the expression of NLRP3, IL-1\u03b2 and MHC-I in the muscle tissue of PM modal rats. Also, it attenuated the intensity of muscle inflammation as well as the CRP, CK, and LDH levels in the serum.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NLRP3\/caspase-1\/IL-1\u03b2 axis may play an important role in the development of PM. Inhibition of NLRP3 activation may hold promise in the treatment of PM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00515-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1660453364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class I expression and promotes inflammatory infiltration in polymyositis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Quan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Cong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30254-0","volume":"17","author":"A Selva-O\u2019Callaqhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Selva-O\u2019Callaqhan A, Pinal-Fernandez I, Trallero-Araqu\u00e1s E, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Mammen AL. 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The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. The animal experiments were carried out according to the guidelines for the care and use of animals approved by the Ethic Committee for Animal Experiments of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University. And all methods were reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of animal experiments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39"}}