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Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) are among the dysregulated proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied Fas and FasL on IL-2R\u03b1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells and in serum of patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916) and healthy individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916); both from same ethnic and geographical background. We used flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent for this purpose. We also measured the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>Bcl-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>\n                      by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and percentage of apoptotic and dead cells using Annexin V and 7-AAD staining in lymphocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FasL was increased in patients\u2019 T and B cells while Fas was increased in patients\u2019 monocytes, T and B cells. No signs of increased apoptosis were found. sFas and sFasL in patients\u2019 serum were increased, although the increase in sFasL was not significant. We suspect an effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on B cells, explaining the decrease of the percentage Fas\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells found within our samples. In healthy individuals, there was a noticeable pattern in the expression of FasL which mutually correlated to populations of mononuclear cells; this correlation was absent in the patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mononuclear cells expressing IL-2R\u03b1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      had upregulated Fas in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. However, the rate of apoptosis based on Annexin V staining and the\n                      <jats:italic>Bcl-2\/Bax<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was not observed in mononuclear cells. We suspect a functional role of abnormal levels of Fas and FasL which has not been cleared yet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-023-00544-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1687570280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unsolved mystery of Fas: mononuclear cells may have trouble dying in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7327-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Lindrova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Kolackova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1581-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Svadlakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8503-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radka","family":"Vankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Chmelarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2595-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Rosecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3354-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Jozifkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Sembera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2778-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Krejsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4922-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radovan","family":"Slezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"544_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-0933-4","volume":"30","author":"ME Manea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manea ME, Mueller RB, Dejica D, Sheriff A, Schett G, Herrmann M, Kern P. 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