{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:04:41Z","timestamp":1771297481150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 Hebei Provincial Medical Science Research Project","award":["20232042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232042"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82472346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Immunol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:43:13Z","timestamp":1769103793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infused PMN-MDSCs from G-CSF\u2013mobilized PBSCs protect against II\u2013IV\u00b0 acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Jing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"794_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.245688","volume":"105","author":"N Granot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Granot N, Storb R. History of hematopoietic cell transplantation: challenges and progress. Haematologica. 2020;105(12):2716\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2019.245688.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"794_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gooptu M, Antin JH, GVHD Prophylaxis. 2020. Front Immunol. 2021;12:605726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.605726","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.605726"},{"key":"794_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00079","volume":"8","author":"S Ghimire","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghimire S, Weber D. Pathophysiology of GvHD and other HSCT-Related major complications. Front Immunol. 2017;8:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00079.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"794_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143381","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1143381","volume":"14","author":"NJ Hess","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hess NJ, Kink JA, et,al., Exosomes. MDSCs and tregs: A new frontier for GVHD prevention and treatment. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1143381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1143381.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"794_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102050","volume":"10","author":"C Demosthenous","year":"2021","unstructured":"Demosthenous C, Sakellari I. The role of Myeloid-Derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD). J Clin Med. 2021;10(10):2050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10102050.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"794_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","volume":"36","author":"JD Khoury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khoury JD, Solary E. The 5th edition of the world health organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36(7):1703\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"2","key":"794_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.02.001","volume":"40","author":"Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (2019 edition). Chin J Hematol. 2019;40(2):89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.02.001.","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"key":"794_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5326083","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5326083","volume":"2022","author":"JW Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan JW, Fan Y. The ratio of CD226 and TIGIT expression in Tfh and PD-1\u2009+\u2009ICOS\u2009+\u2009Tfh cells are potential biomarkers for chronic Antibody-Mediated rejection in kidney transplantation. J Immunol Res. 2022;2022:5326083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5326083.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"794_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110998","volume":"124","author":"R Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang R, Chen M. A research on the influence of G-CSF mobilization on donor\u2019s peripheral blood MDSCs and its relationship with patient prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;124(Pt B):110998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110998.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"794_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.349368.122","volume":"36","author":"JP Bewersdorf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bewersdorf JP, Abdel-Wahab O. Translating recent advances in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia to the clinic. Genes Dev. 2022;36(5\u20136):259\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.349368.122.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"794_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.07.002","volume":"41","author":"Stem Cell Application Group, Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stem Cell Application Group, Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese expert consensus on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic diseases (III): acute graft-versus-host disease (2020 edition). Chin J Hematol. 2020;41(7):529\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.07.002.","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"794_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.12.003","volume":"41","author":"Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association; Anti-Lymphoma Alliance of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association; Anti-Lymphoma Alliance of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. Chinese expert consensus on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection for lymphoma (2020 edition). Chin J Hematol. 2020;41(12):979\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.12.003.","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"794_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00201-3","volume":"73","author":"V Rahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahi V, Jamwal S, Kumar P. Neuroprotection through G-CSF: recent advances and future viewpoints. Pharmacol Rep. 2021;73(2):372\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-020-00201-3.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"794_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1200","volume":"102","author":"A Franzke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franzke A, Piao W. G-CSF as immune regulator in T cells expressing the G-CSF receptor: implications for transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Blood. 2003;102(2):734\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1200.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"794_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111342","volume":"40","author":"X Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao X, Peng T. In vivo G-CSF treatment activates the GR-SOCS1 axis to suppress IFN-\u03b3 secretion by natural killer cells. Cell Rep. 2022;40(11):111342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111342.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"794_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gabrilovich DI, Bronte Vet,al. The terminology issue for myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67(1):425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3037. author reply 426.","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3037"},{"issue":"3","key":"794_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030727","volume":"11","author":"N Bizymi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bizymi N, Georgopoulou A. Myeloid-Derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the umbilical cord blood: biological significance and possible therapeutic applications. J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030727.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10453","key":"794_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00595-6","volume":"404","author":"N Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain N, Wierda WG, O\u2019Brien S. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet. 2024;404(10453):694\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00595-6. Epub 2024 Jul 25.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"794_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00505-7","volume":"13","author":"J Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu J, Luo Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2024;13(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-024-00505-7.","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"794_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31744","volume":"144","author":"Z Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yin Z, Li C. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: roles in the tumor microenvironment and tumor radiotherapy. Int J Cancer. 2019;144(5):933\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31744.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"794_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0022-x","volume":"19","author":"F Veglia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Veglia F, Perego M. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells coming of age. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(2):108\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-017-0022-x.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"794_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00989","volume":"11","author":"M D\u2019Aveni","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Aveni M, Notarantonio AB. Myeloid-Derived suppressor cells in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol. 2020;11:989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00989.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"794_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104297","volume":"362","author":"G Pawelec","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pawelec G, Picard E. MDSCs, ageing and inflammageing. Cell Immunol. 2021;362:104297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2021.104297.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"794_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4COVBCR0321-129R","volume":"111","author":"R Coudereau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coudereau R, Waeckel L. Emergence of immunosuppressive LOX-1\u2009+\u2009PMN-MDSC in septic shock and severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Leukoc Biol. 2022;111(2):489\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.4COVBCR0321-129R.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"794_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MA0821-029R","volume":"110","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Liu J. Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells link inflammation and damage response after trauma. J Leukoc Biol. 2021;110(6):1143\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.3MA0821-029R.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"794_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.795","volume":"4","author":"P Peterlin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peterlin P, B\u00e9n\u00e9 MC. Assessment of monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressive cells (M-MDSC) before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients. EJHaem. 2023;4(4):1089\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jha2.795.","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"794_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma L, Koehn BH. et,al. Inflammasome-resistant IPSC-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cells ameliorate xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2025 Jul 23:blood2025028562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2025028562","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025028562"},{"key":"794_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2025.102263","volume":"92","author":"A Thammahong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thammahong A, Wudhikarn K. Dynamics of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell recovery and interleukin-10 production on graft-versus-host disease and cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol. 2025;92:102263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trim.2025.102263.","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:02:51Z","timestamp":1771293771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-025-00794-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Lu Daopei Hospital (ethics No.\n                      DPEC-M-202309\n                      ) and conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (Clinical trial number: not applicable). With written informed consent obtained from all adult participants and from parents of participants under 18 years of age prior to enrollment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}