{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:20:01Z","timestamp":1791253201008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003327","name":"Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20080108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20080108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0833-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T20:33:56Z","timestamp":1473885236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Dental plaque bacteria with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine are multidrug resistant"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Ann","family":"Seers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjum Nasim","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Charles","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"833_CR1","first-page":"661","volume":"83","author":"PE Petersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83:661\u20139.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01798.x","volume":"13","author":"G Seymour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seymour G, Ford P, Cullinan M, Leishman S, Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13:3\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"833_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.09.006","volume":"13","author":"HF Jenkinson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jenkinson HF, Lamont RJ. Oral microbial communities in sickness and in health. Trends Microbiol. 2005;13:589\u201395.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.106","volume":"8","author":"AP Roberts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberts AP, Mullany P. Oral biofilms: a reservoir of transferable, bacterial, antimicrobial resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:1441\u201350.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"833_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011","volume":"35","author":"N H\u00f8iby","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00f8iby N, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M, Molin S, Ciofu O. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;35:322\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0110","volume":"137","author":"JC Gunsolley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gunsolley JC. A meta-analysis of six-month studies of antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:1649\u201357.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"833_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2008.00344.x","volume":"6","author":"S Haps","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haps S, Slot D, Berchier C, Van der Weijden G. The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride\u2010containing mouth rinses as adjuncts to toothbrushing on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008;6:290\u2013303.","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"833_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060269","volume":"78","author":"JE Stoeken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stoeken JE, Paraskevas S, Van Der Weijden GA. The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1218\u201328.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"833_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.03.003","volume":"49","author":"JM Albandar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albandar JM. Epidemiology and risk factors of periodontal diseases. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49:517\u201332.","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0255","volume":"134","author":"ML Barnett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barnett ML. The role of therapeutic antimicrobial mouthrinses in clinical practice: control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:699\u2013704.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"833_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2000.tb00553.x","volume":"50","author":"H L\u00f6e","year":"2000","unstructured":"L\u00f6e H. Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Int Dent J. 2000;50:129\u201339.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"833_CR12","first-page":"635","volume":"55","author":"F Pitten","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pitten F, Splieth C, Kramer A. Prophylactic and therapeutic application of antimicrobial agents in the oral cavity. Pharmazie. 2000;55:635\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"833_CR13","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Chlorhexidine. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation","author":"GW Denton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Denton GW. Chlorhexidine. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1991. p. 274\u201389.","edition":"4"},{"key":"833_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01517.x","volume":"21","author":"N Lang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lang N, Brecx MC. Chlorhexidine digluconate\u2013an agent for chemical plaque control and prevention of gingival inflammation. J Periodontal Res. 1986;21:74\u201389.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"833_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(10)70004-X","volume":"38","author":"JC Gunsolley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gunsolley JC. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses. J Dent. 2010;38:S6\u2013S10.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"833_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1970.tb00696.x","volume":"5","author":"H L\u00f6e","year":"1970","unstructured":"L\u00f6e H, Rindom Schi\u00f8tt C. The effect of mouthrinses and topical application of chlorhexidine on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis in man. J Periodontal Res. 1970;5:79\u201383.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"833_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1246","volume":"51","author":"C Block","year":"2002","unstructured":"Block C, Furman M. Association between intensity of chlorhexidine use and micro-organisms of reduced susceptibility in a hospital environment. J Hosp Infect. 2002;51:201\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"833_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086669","volume":"9","author":"I Morrissey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morrissey I, Oggioni MR, Knight D, Curiao T, Coque T, Kalkanci A, Martinez JL, Consortium B. Evaluation of epidemiological cut-off values indicates that biocide resistant subpopulations are uncommon in natural isolates of clinically-relevant microorganisms. PLoS One. 2014;9:e86669.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"833_CR19","first-page":"1321","volume":"19","author":"TM Karpi\u0144ski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karpi\u0144ski TM, Szkaradkiewicz AK. Chlorhexidine \u2013 pharmaco-biological activity and application. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19:1321\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"833_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.43.100189.001133","volume":"43","author":"JF Martin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Martin JF, Liras P. Organization and expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:173\u2013206.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv109","volume":"70","author":"MA Webber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Webber MA, Whitehead RN, Mount M, Loman NJ, Pallen MJ, Piddock LJ. Parallel evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance selected by biocide exposure. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:2241\u20138.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"833_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1553","volume":"35","author":"CA Giuliano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giuliano CA, Rybak MJ. Efficacy of triclosan as an antimicrobial hand soap and its potential impact on antimicrobial resistance: a focused review. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35:328\u201336.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"833_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153624","volume":"264","author":"J Davies","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davies J. Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science. 1994;264:375\u201382.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"833_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3817","volume":"8","author":"FN Qamar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qamar FN, Azmatullah A, Kazi AM, Khan E, Zaidi AKM. A three-year review of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8:981\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"833_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.12.015","volume":"16","author":"A Ayaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayaz A, Hasan Z, Jafri S, Inayat R, Mangi R, Channa AA, Malik FR, Ali A, Rafiq Y, Hasan R. Characterizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Karachi, Pakistan: drug resistance and genotypes. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16:e303\u2013e9.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"833_CR26","first-page":"266","volume":"59","author":"F Idrees","year":"2009","unstructured":"Idrees F, Jabeen K, Khan MS, Zafar A. Antimicrobial resistance profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus from skin and soft tissue isolates. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59:266.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"833_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1684-1182(10)60077-1","volume":"43","author":"Y-T Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin Y-T, Jeng Y-Y, Lin M-L, Yu K-W, Wang F-D, Liu C-Y. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010;43:498\u2013505.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"833_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-14","volume":"28","author":"X-Z Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li X-Z, Pl\u00e9siat P, Nikaido H. The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28:337\u2013418.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"833_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02284-12","volume":"57","author":"VB Srinivasan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Srinivasan VB, Rajamohan G. KpnEF, a new member of the Klebsiella pneumoniae cell envelope stress response regulon, is an SMR-type efflux pump involved in broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:4449\u201362.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"833_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.9.s1.5.x","volume":"9","author":"P Baehni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baehni P, Takeuchi Y. Anti\u2010plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm associated oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2003;9:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"833_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1997.0266","volume":"128","author":"Affairs ADACoS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Affairs ADACoS. Antibiotic use in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128:648.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"833_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02592.x","volume":"99","author":"C Michel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Michel C, Matte-Tailliez O, Kerouault B, Bernardet J-F. Resistance pattern and assessment of phenicol agents\u2019 minimum inhibitory concentration in multiple drug resistant Chryseobacterium isolates from fish and aquatic habitats. J Appl Microbiol. 2005;99:323\u201332.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.019794-0","volume":"60","author":"P K\u00e4mpfer","year":"2010","unstructured":"K\u00e4mpfer P, Chandel K, Prasad G, Shouche Y, Veer V. Chryseobacterium culicis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010;60:2387\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR34","first-page":"144","volume":"56","author":"T Aydin-Teke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aydin-Teke T, Tanir G, Bayhan G, Metin O, Oz N. Erythema nodosum in children: evaluation of 39 patients. Turk J Pediatr. 2014;56:144\u20139.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"833_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.007","volume":"46","author":"F-L Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen F-L, Wang G-C, Teng S-O, Ou T-Y, Yu F-L, Lee W-S. Clinical and epidemiological features of Chryseobacterium indologenes infections: analysis of 215 cases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2013;46:425\u201332.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"833_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2004.12.009","volume":"28","author":"H Hoffmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoffmann H, Stindl S, Stumpf A, Mehlen A, Monget D, Heesemann J, Schleifer KH, Roggenkamp A. Description of Enterobacter ludwigii sp. nov., a novel Enterobacter species of clinical relevance. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2005;28:206\u201312.","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.61","volume":"7","author":"ML Mezzatesta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mezzatesta ML, Gona F, Stefani S. Enterobacter cloacae complex: clinical impact and emerging antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiol. 2012;7:887\u2013902.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1086\/320183","volume":"32","author":"A Gales","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gales A, Jones R, Forward K, Linares J, Sader H, Verhoef J. Emerging importance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as pathogens in seriously ill patients: geographic patterns, epidemiological features, and trends in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997\u20131999). Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:S104\u2013S13.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"833_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.060010","volume":"77","author":"A Azarpazhooh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azarpazhooh A, Leake JL. Systematic review of the association between respiratory diseases and oral health. J Periodontol. 2006;77:1465\u201382.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"833_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5811","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v2i0.5811","volume":"2","author":"IS Gomes-Filho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gomes-Filho IS, Passos JS, da Cruz SS. Respiratory disease and the role of oral bacteria. J Oral Microbiol. 2010;2:5811. doi: 10.3402\/jom.v2i0.5811 .","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2011.01.006","volume":"40","author":"MJ Grap","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grap MJ, Munro CL, Hamilton VA, Elswick Jr RK, Sessler CN, Ward KR. Early, single chlorhexidine application reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. Heart Lung. 2011;40:e115\u2013e22.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"833_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5129","volume":"11","author":"II Siempos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siempos II, Falagas ME. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Crit Care. 2007;11:402.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"833_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12325","volume":"60","author":"P Celakovsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Celakovsky P, Kalfert D, Smatanova K, Tucek L, Cermakova E, Mejzlik J, Kotulek M, Vrbacky A, Matousek P, Stanikova L. Bacteriology of deep neck infections: analysis of 634 patients. Aust Dent J. 2015;60:212\u20135.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"833_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR11.040","volume":"5","author":"A Maripandi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maripandi A, Kumar A, Al Salamah AA. Prevalence of dental caries bacterial pathogens and evaluation of inhibitory concentration effect on different tooth pastes against Streptococcus spp. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011;5:1778\u201383.","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"833_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1204","volume":"51","author":"S Koljalg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koljalg S, Naaber P, Mikelsaar M. Antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bacterial chlorhexidine susceptibility. J Hosp Infect. 2002;51:106\u201313.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"833_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.66","volume":"9","author":"JM Blair","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blair JM, Richmond GE, Piddock LJ. Multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiol. 2014;9:1165\u201377.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp427","volume":"65","author":"G Rajamohan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rajamohan G, Srinivasan VB, Gebreyes WA. Novel role of Acinetobacter baumannii RND efflux transporters in mediating decreased susceptibility to biocides. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:228\u201332.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"833_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317052110","volume":"110","author":"KA Hassan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassan KA, Jackson SM, Penesyan A, Patching SG, Tetu SG, Eijkelkamp BA, Brown MH, Henderson PJF, Paulsen IT. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses identify a family of chlorhexidine efflux proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:20254\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"833_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.02.007","volume":"37","author":"Y Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen Y, Stojicic S, Haapasalo M. Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine against bacteria in biofilms at different stages of development. J Endod. 2011;37:657\u201361.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"833_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(78)90021-3","volume":"23","author":"P Bonesvoll","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bonesvoll P, Gjermo P. A comparison between chlorhexidine and some quaternary ammonium compounds with regard to retention, salivary concentration and plaque-inhibiting effect in the human mouth after mouth rinses. Arch Oral Biol. 1978;23:289\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"833_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-2-79","volume":"44","author":"M Wilson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson M. Susceptibility of oral bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial agents. J Med Microbiol. 1996;44:79\u201387.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"833_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1980.tb01220.x","volume":"88","author":"G Westergren","year":"1980","unstructured":"Westergren G, Emilson C-G. In vitro development of chlorhexidine resistance in Streptococcus sanguis and its transmissibility by genetic transformation. Eur J Oral Sci. 1980;88:236\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"833_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.291101.x","volume":"29","author":"P Sreenivasan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sreenivasan P, Gaffar A. Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29:965\u201374.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"833_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493","volume":"45","author":"A Baur","year":"1966","unstructured":"Baur A, Kirby W, Sherris J, Turch M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966;45:493\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"833_CR55","unstructured":"Wayne P. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ninth informational supplement NCCLS document M100-S9. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2008;120\u20136."},{"key":"833_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.03.004","volume":"30","author":"C Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen C, Liao X, Jiang H, Zhu H, Yue L, Li S, Fang B, Liu Y. Characteristics of Escherichia coli biofilm production, genetic typing, drug resistance pattern and gene expression under aminoglycoside pressures. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;30:5\u201310.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"833_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.521","volume":"3","author":"I Wiegand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock RE. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:163\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"833_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134","volume":"13","author":"J Ye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ye J, Coulouris G, Zaretskaya I, Cutcutache I, Rozen S, Madden T. Primer-BLAST: A tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction. BMC Bioinformatics. 2012;13:134.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0833-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T10:04:10Z","timestamp":1568369050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0833-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-016-0833-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"article-number":"214"}}