{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:16:23Z","timestamp":1770153383404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T08:50:44Z","timestamp":1542963044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Combining paratransgenesis with SIT: impact of ionizing radiation on the DNA copy number of Sodalis glossinidius in tsetse flies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcler","family":"Demirbas-Uzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"De Vooght","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc J. B.","family":"Vreysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Van Den Abbeele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adly M. M.","family":"Abd-Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1283_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00576.x","volume":"19","author":"PP Simarro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simarro PP, Franco JR, Cecchi G, Paone M, Diarra A, Ruiz Postigo JA, et al. Human African trypanosomiasis in non-endemic countries (2000\u20132010)2. J Travel Med. 2012;19:44\u201353.","journal-title":"J Travel Med."},{"key":"1283_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01839-0","volume":"17","author":"SC Welburn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Welburn SC, F\u00e8vre EM, Coleman PG, Odiit M, Maudlin I. Sleeping sickness: a tale of two dieases. Trends Parasitol. 2001;17:19\u201324.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00011-3","volume":"71","author":"JM Reifenberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reifenberg JM, Solano P, Duvallet G, Cuisance D, Simpore J, Cuny G. Molecular characterization of trypanosome isolates from naturally infected domestic animals in Burkina Faso. Vet Parasitol. 1997;71:251\u201362.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"1283_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004217","volume":"118","author":"J. VAN DEN ABBEELE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Den Abbeele J, Claes Y, Van Bockstaele D, Le Ray D, Coosemans M. Trypanosoma brucei spp. development in the tsetse fly: characterization of the post-mesocyclic stages in the foregut and proboscis. Parasitology. 1999;118:469\u2013478.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"1283_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00203-6","volume":"115","author":"S Aksoy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aksoy S. Control of tsetse flies and trypanosomes using molecular genetics. Vet Parasitol. 2003;115:125\u201345.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler D. Tropical diseases: raiding the medicine cabinet: Nature Publishing Group; 2003.","DOI":"10.1038\/424010a"},{"key":"1283_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0752-y","volume":"90","author":"R Docampo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Docampo R, Moreno SN. Current chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis. Parasitol Res. 2003;90:S10\u20133.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res."},{"key":"1283_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00427-1","volume":"96","author":"BM Anene","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anene BM, Onah DN, Nawa Y. Drug resistance in pathogenic African trypanosomes: what hopes for the future? Vet Parasitol. 2001;96:83\u2013100.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.4.543","volume":"47","author":"J Bouyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bouyer J, Seck MT, Sall B, Ndiaye EY, Guerrini L, Vreysen MJB. Stratified entomological sampling in preparation for an area-wide integrated pest management program: the example of Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Niayes of Senegal. J Med Entomol. 2010;47:543\u201352.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol."},{"key":"1283_CR10","volume-title":"Trypanosomiasis control and African rural development","author":"AM Jordan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jordan AM. Trypanosomiasis control and African rural development. London: Longman; 1986."},{"key":"1283_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993003.0000","volume-title":"Tsetse biology and ecology: their role in the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis","author":"SGA Leak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leak SGA. Tsetse biology and ecology: their role in the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; 1998."},{"key":"1283_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60829-1","volume":"375","author":"R Brun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brun R, Blum J, Chappuis F, Burri C. Human African trypanosomiasis. Lancet Br Ed. 2010;375:148\u201359.","journal-title":"Lancet Br Ed."},{"key":"1283_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.07.026","volume":"112","author":"MJB Vreysen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vreysen MJB, Seck MT, Sall B, Bouyer J. Tsetse flies: their biology and control using area-wide integrated pest management approaches. J Invertebr Pathol. 2013;112:S15\u201325.","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol."},{"key":"1283_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3380.902","volume":"130","author":"EF Knipling","year":"1959","unstructured":"Knipling EF. Sterile-male method of population control. Science. 1959;130:902\u20134.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"1283_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4051-2","volume-title":"The Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management","author":"VA Dyck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dyck VA, Hendrichs JP, Robinson AS. The Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management. Dordrecht: Springer; 2005."},{"key":"1283_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1051\/agro\/2010009","volume":"31","author":"MJB Vreysen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS. Ionising radiation and area-wide management of insect pests to promote sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 2011;31:233\u201350.","journal-title":"Agron Sustain Dev"},{"key":"1283_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.3.564","volume":"43","author":"P van den Bossche","year":"2006","unstructured":"van den Bossche P, Akoda K, Djagmah B, Marcotty T, De Deken R, Kubi C, et al. Effect of isometamidium chloride treatment on susceptibility of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to trypanosome infections. J Med Entomol. 2006;43:564\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol."},{"key":"1283_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00727.x","volume":"22","author":"J Bouyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouyer J. Does isometamidium chloride treatment protect tsetse flies from trypanosome infections during SIT campaigns? Med Vet Entomol. 2008;22:140\u20133.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol."},{"key":"1283_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01606-3","volume":"16","author":"S Aksoy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aksoy S. Tsetse- A haven for microorganisms. Parasitol Today. 2000;16:114\u20138.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today."},{"key":"1283_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doudoumis V, Blow F, Saridaki A, Augustinos AA, Dyer NA, Goodhead IB, et al. Challenging the Wigglesworthia, Sodalis, Wolbachia symbiosis dogma in tsetse flies: Spiroplasma is present in both laboratory and natural populations. Sci. Rep. 2017.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04740-3"},{"key":"1283_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5965","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00741-08","volume":"74","author":"R Pais","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pais R, Lohs C, Wu Y, Wang JW, Aksoy S. The obligate mutualist Wigglesworthia glossinidia influences reproduction, digestion, and immunity processes of its host, the tsetse fly. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008;74:5965\u201374.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"1283_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2008.06.008","volume":"54","author":"GM Attardo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Attardo GM, Lohs C, Heddi A, Alam UH, Yildirim S, Aksoy S. Analysis of milk gland structure and function in Glossina morsitans: Milk protein production, symbiont populations and fecundity. J Insect Physiol. 2008;54:1236\u201342.","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol."},{"key":"1283_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x","volume":"8","author":"Q Cheng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cheng Q, Aksoy S. Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies. Insect Mol Biol. 1999;8:125\u201332.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol."},{"key":"1283_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.05.001","volume":"27","author":"B Weiss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weiss B, Aksoy S. Microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. Trends Parasitol. 2011;27:514\u201322.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103691","volume":"188","author":"BL Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss BL, Maltz M, Aksoy S. Obligate symbionts activate immune system development in the tsetse fly. J Immunol. 2012;188:3395\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"1283_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00151-5","volume":"31","author":"C Dale","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dale C, Welburn SC. The endosymbionts of tsetse flies: manipulating host-parasite interactions. Int J Parasitol. 2001;31:628\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.10.008","volume":"10","author":"O Farikou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farikou O, Njiokou F, Mbida Mbida JA, Njitchouang GR, Djeunga HN, Asonganyi T, et al. Tripartite interactions between tsetse flies, Sodalis glossinidius and trypanosomes - an epidemiological approach in two historical human african trypanosomiasis foci in Cameroon. Infect Genet Evol. 2010;10:115\u201321.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"1283_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8941","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8941-8943.2005","volume":"71","author":"A Geiger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Geiger A, Cuny G, Frutos R. Two tsetse fly species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina morsitans morsitans, carry genetically distinct populations of the secondary symbiont Sodalis glossinidius. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71:8941\u20133.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"1283_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-010-9546-x","volume":"99","author":"JM Lindh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lindh JM, Lehane MJ. The tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossina) harbours a surprising diversity of bacteria other than symbionts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2011;99:711\u201320.","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek."},{"key":"1283_CR30","first-page":"265","volume":"41","author":"I Maudlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maudlin I, Welburn SC, Mehlitz D. The relationship between rickettsia-like-organisms and trypanosome infections in natural populations of tsetse in Liberia. Trop Med Parasitol. 1990;41:265\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002415","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002415","volume":"7","author":"U Alam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alam U, Medlok J, Brelsfoard C, Pais R, Lohs C, Balmand S, et al. Wolbachiasymbiont infections induce strong cytoplasmic incompatibility in the tsetse flyGlossina morsitans. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002415.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1283_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-S1-S3","volume":"12","author":"V Doudoumis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doudoumis V, Tsiamis G, Wamwiri F, Brelsfoard C, Alam U, Aksoy E, et al. Detection and characterization of Wolbachia infections in laboratory and natural populations of different species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina). BMC Micobiology. 2012;12:S3.","journal-title":"BMC Micobiology"},{"key":"1283_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2012.04.017","volume":"93","author":"FO Bastian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bastian FO, Elzer PH, Wu X. Spiroplasma spp. biofilm formation is instrumental for their role in the pathogenesis of plant, insect and animal diseases. Exp Mol Pathol. 2012;93:116\u201328.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol."},{"key":"1283_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02688-0","volume":"54","author":"GE Gasparich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gasparich GE, Whitcomb RF, Dodge D, French FE, Glass J, Williamson DL. The genus Spiroplasma and its non-helical descendants: phylogenetic classification, correlation with phenotype and roots of the Mycoplasma mycoides clade. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2004;54:893\u2013918.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol."},{"key":"1283_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.07.009","volume":"112","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abd-Alla AMM, Bergoin M, Parker A, Maniania NK, Vlak JM, Bourtzis K, et al. Improving sterile insect technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens. J Invertebr Pathol. 2013;112:S2\u201310.","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol."},{"key":"1283_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.3.1428-1434.2003","volume":"69","author":"H Anbutsu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anbutsu H, Fukatsu T. Population dynamics of male-killing and non-male-killing spiroplasmas in Drosophila melanogaster. Appl Env Microbiol. 2003;69:1428\u201334.","journal-title":"Appl Env Microbiol."},{"key":"1283_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.009","volume":"157","author":"K Bourtzis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourtzis K, Lees RS, Hendrichs J, Vreysen MJB. More than one rabbit out of the hat: Radiation, transgenic and symbiont-based approaches for sustainable management of mosquito and tsetse fly populations. Acta Trop. 2016;157:115\u201330.","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"1283_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.03.028","volume":"112","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang J, Brelsfoard C, Wu Y, Aksoy S. Intercommunity effects on microbiome and GpSGHV density regulation in tsetse flies. J Invertebr Pathol. 2013;112:S32\u20139.","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol."},{"key":"1283_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.19.10295","volume":"97","author":"BJ Beaty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaty BJ. Genetic manipulation of vectors: a potential novel approach for control of vector-borne diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000;97:10295\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"1283_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.10.002","volume":"59","author":"IV Coutinho-Abreu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coutinho-Abreu IV, Zhu KY, Ramalho-Ortigao M. Transgenesis and paratransgenesis to control insect-borne diseases: current status and future challenges. Parasitol Int. 2010;59:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"1283_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01850-X","volume":"17","author":"S Aksoy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aksoy S, Maudlin I, Dale C, Robinson AS, O\u2019Neill SL. Prospects for control of African trypanosomiasis by tsetse vector manipulation. Trends Parasitol. 2001;17:29\u201335.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00113.x","volume":"1","author":"C Beard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beard C, O\u2019Neill S, Mason P, Mandelco L, Woese C, Tesh R, et al. Genetic transformation and phylogeny of bacterial symbionts from tsetse. Insect Mol Biol. 1993;1:123\u201331.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol."},{"key":"1283_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.05.001","volume":"12","author":"RV Rio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rio RV, Hu Y, Aksoy S. Strategies of the home-team: symbioses exploited for vector-borne disease control. Trends Microbiol. 2004;12:325\u201336.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"1283_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1987.11812127","volume":"81","author":"SC Welburn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Welburn SC, Maudlin I, Ellis DS. In vitro cultivation of rickettsia-like-organisms from Glossina spp. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;81:331\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"1283_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-23","volume":"11","author":"L De Vooght","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Vooght L, Caljon G, Stijlemans B, de Beatselier P, Coosemans M, Van Den Abbeele J. Expression and extracellular release of a functional anti-trypanosome Nanobody (R) inSodalis glossinidius, a bacterial symbiont of the tsetse fly. Microb Cell Factories. 2012;11:23.","journal-title":"Microb Cell Factories"},{"key":"1283_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iew047","volume":"16","author":"ZR Moran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moran ZR, Parker AG. Near infrared imaging as a method of studying tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) pupal development. J Insect Sci. 2016;16:72.","journal-title":"J Insect Sci"},{"key":"1283_CR47","first-page":"449","volume-title":"1st ed","author":"U Feldmann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feldmann U. Guidelines for the rearing of tsetse flies using the membrane feeding technique. In: Ochieng\u2019-Odero JPR, editor. 1st ed. Nairobi: ICIPE Science Press; 1994. p. 449\u201371."},{"key":"1283_CR48","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Care and maintenance of tsetse colonies","author":"RH Gooding","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gooding RH, Feldmann U, Robinson AS. Care and maintenance of tsetse colonies. In: Crampton JM, Beard CB, Louis C, editors. . London: Chapman & Hall Ltd.; 1997. p. 41\u201355."},{"key":"1283_CR49","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org \/"},{"key":"1283_CR50","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Internet]","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2015","unstructured":"RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Internet]. Boston: RStudio, Inc.; 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com \/"},{"key":"1283_CR51","first-page":"369","volume":"57","author":"D Le Ray","year":"1977","unstructured":"Le Ray D, Barry J, Easton C, Vickerman K. First tsetse fly transmission of the \u201cAnTat\u201d serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1977;57:369\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop."},{"key":"1283_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005744","volume":"12","author":"G Caljon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caljon G, Van Reet N, De Trez C, Vermeersch M, P\u00e9rez-Morga D, Van Den Abbeele J. The dermis as a delivery site of Trypanosoma brucei for tsetse flies. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12:e1005744.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1283_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3","volume-title":"ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wickham H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer; 2009."},{"key":"1283_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-75969-2","volume-title":"Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R","author":"D Sarkar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sarkar D. Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R. New York: Springer; 2008. Available from: http:\/\/lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org"},{"key":"1283_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2","volume-title":"Modern Applied Statistics with S","author":"WN Venables","year":"2002","unstructured":"Venables WN, Ripley BD. Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth ed. New York: Springer; 2002. Available from: http:\/\/www.stats.ox.ac.uk\/pub\/MASS4","edition":"Fourth"},{"key":"1283_CR56","volume-title":"Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research","author":"RR Sokal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. New York: Freeman and Company; 1995."},{"key":"1283_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123","volume":"93","author":"MJB Vreysen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vreysen MJB, Saleh KM, Ali MY, Abdulla AM, Zhu Z-R, Juma KG, et al. Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) eradicated on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar, using the sterile insect technique. J Econ Entomol. 2000;93:123\u201335.","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol."},{"key":"1283_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.07.020","volume":"112","author":"J Van Den Abbeele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Den Abbeele J, Bourtzis K, Weiss B, Cord\u00f3n-Rosales C, Miller W, AMM A-A, et al. Enhancing tsetse fly refractoriness to trypanosome infection - a new IAEA coordinated research project. J Invertebr Pathol. 2013;112:S142\u20137.","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"1283_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vooght L, Caljon G, De Ridder K, van den Abbeele J. Delivery of a functional anti-trypanosome Nanobody in different tsetse fly tissues via a bacterial symbiont, Sodalis glossinidius. Microb Cell Factories. 2014;13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-014-0156-6"},{"key":"1283_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003456","volume":"9","author":"G Caljon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caljon G, Hussain S, Vermeiren L, Van Den Abbeele J. Description of a Nanobody-based Competitive Immunoassay to Detect Tsetse Fly Exposure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003456.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"1283_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vooght L, Caljon G, Van Hees J, Van Den Abbeele J. Paternal transmission of a secondary symbiont during mating in the viviparous tsetse fly. Mol Biol Evol. 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv077"},{"key":"1283_CR62","volume-title":"Automation for tsetse mass rearing for use in sterile insect technique programmes","author":"IAEA","year":"2003","unstructured":"IAEA. In: IAEA\/FAO, editor. Automation for tsetse mass rearing for use in sterile insect technique programmes. Vienna: International Atomic Enegy Agency (IAEA); 2003."},{"key":"1283_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1995.tb00827.x","volume":"20","author":"J Zdarek","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zdarek J, Denlinger DL. Changes in temperature, not photoperiod, control the pattern of adult eclosion in the tsetse, Glossina morsitans. Physiol Entomol. 1995;20:362\u20136.","journal-title":"Physiol Entomol"},{"key":"1283_CR64","first-page":"439","volume":"5","author":"H Politzar","year":"1984","unstructured":"Politzar H, Cuisance D. An integrated campaign against riverine tsetse, Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina tachinoides, by trapping, and the release of sterile males. Insect Sci Its Appl. 1984;5:439\u201342.","journal-title":"Insect Sci Its Appl."},{"key":"1283_CR65","first-page":"24","volume":"37","author":"A Kebede","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kebede A, Ashenafi H, Daya T. A review on sterile instect technique (SIT) and its potential towards tsetse eradication in Ethiopia. Adv Life Sci Technol. 2015;37:24\u201344.","journal-title":"Adv Life Sci Technol."},{"key":"1283_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300008853","volume":"73","author":"DL Williamson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Williamson DL, Baumgartner HH, Mtuya AG, Gates DB, Cobb PE, Dame DA. Integration of insect sterility and insecticides for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania: II. Methods of sterilization, transportation and release of sterilised insects. Bull Entomol Res. 1983;73:267\u201373.","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res."},{"key":"1283_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004229","volume":"9","author":"MT Seck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seck MT, Pagabeleguem S, Bassene MD, Fall AG, Diouf TAR, Sall B, et al. Quality of sterile male tsetse after long distance transport as chilled, irradiated pupae. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0004229.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1283_CR68","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Sterile Insect Tech Princ Pract Area-Wide Integr Pest Manag","author":"G Franz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Franz G. Genetic sexing strains in Mediterranean fruit fly, an example for other species amenable to large-scale rearing as required for the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS, editors. Sterile Insect Tech Princ Pract Area-Wide Integr Pest Manag. Dordrecht: Springer; 2005. p. 427\u201351."},{"key":"1283_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/98.2.248","volume":"98","author":"F Marec","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marec F, Neven LG, Robinson AS, Vreysen M, Goldsmith MR, Nagaraju J, et al. Development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera: From traditional to transgenic approaches. J Econ Entomol. 2005;98:248\u201359.","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol."},{"key":"1283_CR70","first-page":"617","volume-title":"The induction of dominant lethal mutations in insects by ionizing radiation and chemicals-as related to the sterile male technique of insect control","author":"LE LaChance","year":"1967","unstructured":"LaChance LE. The induction of dominant lethal mutations in insects by ionizing radiation and chemicals-as related to the sterile male technique of insect control. In: Wright JW, Pal R, editors. . Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1967. p. 617\u201350."},{"key":"1283_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-015-0617-2","volume":"55","author":"SC Verde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verde SC, Silva T, Matos P. Effects of gamma radiation on wastewater microbiota. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2016;55:125\u201331.","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys."},{"key":"1283_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082659","volume":"8","author":"Y-D Nam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nam Y-D, Kim HJ, Seo J-G, Kang SW, Bae J-W. Impact of pelvic radiotherapy on gut microbiota of gynecological cancer patients revealed by massive pyrosequencing. PLoS One. 2013;8:e82659.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"1283_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.10.003","volume":"13","author":"IH Soumana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soumana IH, Berthier D, Tchicaya B, Thevenon S, Njiokou F, Cuny G, et al. Population dynamics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis symbionts, Sodalis glossinidius, and Wigglesworthia glossinidia, throughout host-fly development. Infect Genet Evol. 2013;13:41\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"1283_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151864","volume":"11","author":"D Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang D, Lees RS, Xi Z, Bourtzis K, Gilles JRL. Combining the Sterile Insect Technique with the Incompatible Insect Technique: III-Robust mating competitiveness of irradiated triple Wolbachia-Infected Aedes albopictus males under semi-field conditions. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0151864.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1283_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121126","volume":"10","author":"D Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zheng X, Xi Z, Bourtzis K, Gilles JRL. Combining the sterile insect technique with the incompatible insect technique: I-impact of Wolbachia infection on the fitness of triple-and double-infected strains of Aedes albopictus. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0121126.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1283_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135194","volume":"10","author":"D Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang D, Lees RS, Xi Z, Gilles JRL, Bourtzis K. Combining the sterile insect technique with Wolbachia-based approaches: II-A safer approach to Aedes albopictus population suppression programmes, designed to minimize the consequences of inadvertent female release. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0135194.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1283_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.11.009","volume":"109","author":"RU Rao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rao RU, Atkinson LJ, Vanderwall RP, Weil GJ. Brugia malayi: effects of gamma radiation on adult worms and their intracellular Wolbachia bacteria. Exp Parasitol. 2005;109:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol."}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T19:50:01Z","timestamp":1662493801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"160"}}