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Both multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assay schedules were used to genotype isolates and determine relationships among isolates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 40 isolates of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> were obtained from humans, pigs, and dogs from 1961 to 2016. There were at least three species of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> detected in Guangxi Province, <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Brucella suis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic>, with 16, 17, and 7 isolates, respectively. Of which <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3 was the predominant species resulting in pig brucellosis in the area examined before 2000s. Moreover, <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3 was found to be mainly responsible for human brucellosis during 2012\u20132016. All <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> isolates in this study belonged to East Mediterranean lineage. MLVA-11 genotype 116 was the dominant genotype and represented 81.2% of the isolates. MLVA cluster analysis showed there to be 44% (7\/16) brucellosis cases caused by <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> with a profile of outbreak epidemic from 2012 to 2016. However, nearly 83.3% (20\/24) of brucellosis cases resulting from both <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic> showed no epidemiological links or sporadic characteristics. MLVA-16 analysis confirmed extensive genotype-sharing events between <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> isolates from Guangxi and other northern provinces within China. These data revealed that there are potential epidemiology links among these strains. <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> strains of this study showed a unique genetic lineage at the global level and may have existed historically in this area. However, present <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic> isolates were closely related to previously reported isolates in Korea, where they may have originated. MLST typing showed that the population structure of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains had changed considerably in this province; ST17 and ST21, two previously predominant populations appeared to have been replaced by recently emerging ST8 group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our investigation data have inspired the hypothesis that Guangxi Province had been subject to an imported human brucellosis epidemic. Our data suggest that strains found in Northern regions of China are the principal source of infections in recent cases of human brucellosis in Guangxi Province. Comparative genomic analysis from more strains is necessary to confirm this hypothesis. This work will facilitate better understanding of the epidemiology and improve the effectiveness of control and prevention of brucellosis in this region.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1665-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1576504968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Investigation of the molecular characteristics of Brucella isolates from Guangxi Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhi-guo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-ri","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187369","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/187369","volume":"2015","author":"M Aghaali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aghaali M, Mohebi S, Heydari H. 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