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Transcriptional analysis of pS88 in human serum revealed a strong upregulation of an ORF of unknown function: <jats:italic>shiF,<\/jats:italic> which is adjacent to the operon encoding the siderophore aerobactin. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic> in aerobactin production in strain S88.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Study of the prevalence of <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic> and aerobactin operon in a collection of 100 extra-intestinal pathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains (ExPEC)\u00a0and 50 whole genome-sequenced <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains revealed the colocalization of these two genes for 98% of the aerobactin positive strains. We used Datsenko and Wanner\u2019s method to delete <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic> in two S88 mutants. A cross-feeding assay showed that these mutants were able to excrete aerobactin meaning that <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic> is dispensable for aerobactin excretion. Our growth assays revealed that the <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic>-deleted mutants grew significantly slower than the wild-type strain S88 in iron-depleted medium with a decrease of maximum growth rates of 23 and 28% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, we identified and quantified siderophores in the supernatants of S88 and its <jats:italic>shiF<\/jats:italic> deleted mutants after growth in iron-depleted medium and found that these mutants secreted significantly less aerobactin than S88 (\u2212\u200952% and - 49%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>ShiF<\/jats:italic> is physically and functionally linked to aerobactin. It provides an advantage to <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> S88 under iron-limiting conditions by increasing aerobactin secretion and may thus act as an auxiliary virulence factor.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1677-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1576598574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ShiF acts as an auxiliary factor of aerobactin secretion in meningitis Escherichia coli strain S88"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Genuini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bidet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Benoist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Schlemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Lemaitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Birgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bonacorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1086\/375347","volume":"187","author":"S Bonacorsi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bonacorsi S, Clermont O, Houdouin V, Cordevant C, Brahimi N, Marecat A, Tinsley C, Nassif X, Lange M, Bingen E. 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