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Humans infected with <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> can result in various clinical diseases including local lymphadenopathy and more serious systemic disease such as persistent bacteremia and endocarditis. The current treatment of persistent <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> infections is not very effective and remains a challenge. To find more effective treatments for persistent and biofilm <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infections, in this study, we evaluated a panel of drugs and drug combinations based on the current treatment and also promising hits identified from a recent drug screen against stationary phase and biofilm recovered cells of <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We evaluated 14 antibiotics and 25 antibiotic combinations for activity against stationary phase <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> (all antibiotics were at 5\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) and found that ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin were the most active agents, while clofazimine and miconazole had poor activity. Drug combinations azithromycin\/ciprofloxacin, azithromycin\/methylene blue, rifampin\/ciprofloxacin, and rifampin\/methylene blue could rapidly kill stationary phase <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> with no detectable CFU after 1-day exposure. Methylene blue and rifampin were the most active agents against the biofilm <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> after 6\u2009days of drug exposure. Antibiotic combinations (azithromycin\/ciprofloxacin, azithromycin\/methylene blue, rifampin\/ciprofloxacin, rifampin\/methylene blue) completely eradicated the biofilm <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> after treatment for 6\u2009days.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These findings may facilitate development of more effective treatment of persistent <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infections in the future.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01777-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T15:03:47Z","timestamp":1586531027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effect of different drugs and drug combinations on killing stationary phase and biofilms recovered cells of Bartonella henselae in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanliang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1956","volume":"17","author":"R Gutierrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutierrez R, Vayssier-Taussat M, Buffet JP, Harrus S. 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