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However, there is still little information related to the isolation, antimicrobial activity and biosynthetic potential for polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide discovery associated with the rhizospheric streptomycetes of <jats:italic>Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic>. Thus, the aims of the present study are to (i) identify culturable streptomycetes from the rhizospheric soil of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> by 16S rRNA gene, (ii) evaluate the antimicrobial activities of isolates and analyze the biosynthetic gene encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) of isolates, (iii) detect the bioactive secondary metabolites from selected streptomycetes, (iv) study the influence of the selected isolate on the growth of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> in the continuous cropping field. This study would provide a preliminary basis for the further discovery of the secondary metabolites from streptomycetes isolated from the rhizospheric soil of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> and their further utilization for biocontrol of plants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 42 strains representing 42 species of the genus <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> were isolated from 12 rhizospheric soil samples in the cultivation field of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> and were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 40 crude cell extracts out of 42 under two culture conditions showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. Also, the presence of biosynthesis genes encoding type I and II polyketide synthase (PKS I and PKS II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in 42 strains were established. Based on characteristic chemical profiles screening by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD), the secondary metabolite profiles of strain SYP-A7257 were evaluated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Finally, four compounds actinomycin X2 (<jats:bold>F1)<\/jats:bold>, fungichromin (<jats:bold>F2<\/jats:bold>), thailandin B (<jats:bold>F7<\/jats:bold>) and antifungalmycin (<jats:bold>F8<\/jats:bold>) were isolated from strain SYP-A7257 by using chromatography techniques, UV, HR-ESI-MS and NMR, and their antimicrobial activities against the test bacteria and fungus were also evaluated. In the farm experiments, <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> sp. SYP-A7257 showed healthy growth promotion and survival rate improvement of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> in the continuous cropping field.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We demonstrated the <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> rhizospheric soil-derived <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> spp. distribution and diversity with respect to their metabolic potential for polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides, as well as the presence of biosynthesis genes PKS I, PKS II and NRPSs. Our results showed that cultivatable <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> isolates from the rhizospheric soils of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> have the ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. The farm experiments suggested that the rhizospheric soil <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> sp. SYP-A7257 may be a potential biological control agent for healthy growth promotion and survival rate improvement of <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic> in the continuous cropping field.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01832-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T14:35:04Z","timestamp":1591194904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Insights into Streptomyces spp. isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng: isolation, antimicrobial activity and biosynthetic potential for polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Yang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1832_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.158","volume":"12","author":"LW Mendes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendes LW, Raaijmakers JM, Hollander MD, Mendes R, Tsai SM. 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