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The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a DNA microarray assay for the simultaneous detection of fifteen bacterial species directly from respiratory tract specimens in patients with pneumonia. These species included\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae.<\/jats:italic>\n                      The 16S rDNA genes and other specific genes of each pathogen were chosen as the amplification targets, amplified via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and hybridized to oligonucleotide probes in a microarray.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The DNA microarray detection limit was 10\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      copies\/\u03bcL. Nineteen standard strains and 119 clinical isolates were correctly detected with our microarray, and 3 nontarget species from 4 clinical isolates were not detected. Additionally, bacterial pathogens were accurately identified when two or three bacterial targets were mixed together. Furthermore, the results for 99.4% (156\/157) of clinical specimens were the same as those from a conventional assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a DNA microarray that could simultaneously detect various bacterial pathogens in pneumonia. The method described here has the potential to provide considerable labour and time savings due to its ability to screen for 15 bacterial pathogens simultaneously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01842-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T07:03:07Z","timestamp":1592895787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Development of a DNA microarray assay for rapid detection of fifteen bacterial pathogens in pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1842_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eccles S, Pincus C, Higgins B, Woodhead M; Guideline Development Group Diagnosis and management of community and hospital acquired pneumonia in adults: summary of NICE guidance BMJ 2014, 349: g6722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g6722.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6722"},{"key":"1842_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddington K, Tuite N, Barry T, O'Grady J, Zumla A. 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All experiments were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All patients involved in the study provided written informed consent and all personal information was kept confidential.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"177"}}