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With the abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics and invasive surgical devices, the rate of\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection is increasing every year. This study was an epidemiological analysis of the clinical and molecular characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in a Chinese teaching hospital. The goal was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the status of\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection to provide strong epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 93 isolates from Renji Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were included, in which 62 isolates were from male patients. In addition, 81 isolates were isolated from sputum samples. A total of 86 patients had underlying diseases. All patients received antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that 61 different sequence types (STs) were found (including 45 novel STs), and MLST did not show significantly dominant STs. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results showed that 93 isolates could be divided into 73 clusters, and they also showed weak genetic linkages between isolates. The resistant rates to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMX) and levofloxacin were 9.7 and 4.3%, respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to minocycline. Four virulence gene\u2019s loci\n                      <jats:italic>Stmpr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Stmpr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Smf-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Smlt3773<\/jats:italic>\n                      were positive in 79.6, 91.4, 94.6, and 52.7% of the isolates, respectively. Three biofilm genes\n                      <jats:italic>rmlA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>spgM<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>rpfF<\/jats:italic>\n                      were positive in 82.8, 92.5, and 64.5% of the isolates, respectively. Mean biofilm forming level of OD\n                      <jats:sub>492<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 0.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49. We did not find any significant difference between different genders and different age-groups. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the control group. The independent risk factors of those who were infected in the ICU included immunosuppression and the increased antibiotic usage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most of the patients had prior medical usage histories and baseline diseases. The positive rate of virulence genes was high, the drug resistance rate of\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      was low, and the biofilm formation ability was strong. The increased use of antibiotics was an independent risk factor for\n                      <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, which should receive more attention. No obvious clonal transmissions were found in the same departments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01985-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T11:04:28Z","timestamp":1601377468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a Chinese teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanxiu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02276","volume":"8","author":"AA Adegoke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adegoke AA, Stenstrom TA, Okoh AI. 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As a retrospective study, informed consent was granted exemption.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"294"}}