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One human microbiome growing in notoriety, the vaginal microbiome, stands out given its importance for women\u2019s health, and is peculiar in terms of its relative bacterial composition, including its simplicity and typical domination by a small number of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>species. The loss of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>dominance is associated with disorders such as bacterial vaginosis, and efforts are now underway to understand the ability of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>species to colonize the vaginal tract and adapt to this dynamic and acidic environment. Here, we investigate how various<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>species often isolated from the vaginal and intestinal cavities genomically and transcriptionally respond to iterative growth in simulated vaginal fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the genomes and transcriptomes of<jats:italic>L. acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. fermentum, L. gasseri,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. jensenii<\/jats:italic>and compared profiles after 50, 100, 500, and 1000 generations of iterative passages in synthetic vaginal fluid. In general, we identified relatively few genetic changes consisting of single nucleotide polymorphisms, with higher counts occurring more frequently in non-vaginal isolated species. Transcriptional profiles were more impacted over time and tended to be more extensive for species that typically do not dominate the vaginal tract, reflecting a more extensive need to adapt to a less familiar environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides insights into how vaginal and non-vaginal<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>species respond and adapt to a simulated vaginal environment. Overall, trends indicate high genomic stability for all species involved, with more variability in the transcriptome especially for non-dominant species of the vaginal tract.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02027-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T08:02:57Z","timestamp":1604995377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adaptive response to iterative passages of five Lactobacillus species in simulated vaginal fluid"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Barrangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","volume":"449","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. 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