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The immunomodulation of fungal polysaccharides has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, the effect of chitin-rich heteroglycan extracted from<jats:italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>on the immune response has not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, chitin-rich heteroglycan was extracted from<jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>, and immunomodulation was investigated via histopathological analysis of skin lesions in a mouse model of sporotrichosis and evaluation of the phagocytic function and cytokine secretion of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that the skin lesions regressed and granulomatous inflammation was reduced in infected mice within 5\u2009weeks. Moreover, heteroglycan promoted the fungal phagocytosis by macrophages and modulated the cytokine secretion. Heteroglycan upregulated TNF-\u03b1 expression early at 24\u2009h and IL-12 expression late at 72\u2009h after incubation, which might result from moderate activation of macrophages and contribute to the subsequent adaptive immune response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chitin-rich heteroglycan extracted from<jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>potentiated fungal clearance in a mouse model of sporotrichosis. Moreover, chitin-rich heteroglycan promoted fungus phagocytosis by macrophages and modulated cytokines secretion. These results might indicate that chitin-rich heteroglycan could be considered as an immunomodulator used in the treatment of sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02243-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1624608178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chitin-rich heteroglycan from Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto potentiates fungal clearance in a mouse model of sporotrichosis and promotes macrophages phagocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lilin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meirong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuchu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaiqiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00425-0","volume":"185","author":"AM Rodrigues","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodrigues AM, Della TP, Gremiao ID, Pereira SA, Orofino-Costa R, de Camargo ZP. 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