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However, lactobacilli also cause diseases in human, e.g. infective endocarditis (IE), septicaemia, rheumatic vascular disease, and dental caries. Therefore, the identification of potential pathogenic traits associated with lactobacilli will facilitate the prevention and treatment of the diseases caused by lactobacilli. Herein, we investigated the genomic traits and pathogenic potential of a novel bacterial strain <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic> LP10266 which has caused a case of IE. We isolated <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic> LP10266 from an IE patient\u2019s blood to perform high-throughput sequencing and compared the genome of strain LP10266 with those of closely related lactobacilli to determine genes associated with its infectivity. We performed the antimicrobial susceptibility testing on strain LP10266. We assessed its virulence by mouse lethality and serum bactericidal assays as well as its serum complement- and platelet-activating ability. The biofilm formation and adherence of strain LP10266 were also studied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain LP10266 was allied with <jats:italic>L. casei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic>. Genomic studies revealed two spaCBA pilus clusters and one novel exopolysaccharides (EPS) cluster in strain LP10266, which was sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, levofloxacin, and imipenem, but resistant to cefuroxime, cefazolin, cefotaxime, meropenem, and vancomycin. Strain LP10266 was nonfatal and sensitive to serum, capable of activating complement 3a and terminal complement complex C5b-9 (TCC). Strain LP10266 could not induce platelet aggregation but displayed a stronger biofilm formation ability and adherence to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to the standard control strain <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic> ATCC25302.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The genome of a novel bacterial strain <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic> LP10266 was sequenced. Our results based on various types of assays consistently revealed that <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic> LP10266 was a potential pathogen to patients with a history of cardiac disease and inguinal hernia repair. Strain LP10266 showed strong biofilm formation ability and adherence, enhancing the awareness of <jats:italic>L. paracasei<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02253-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:02:28Z","timestamp":1623888148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Characterization of a bacterial strain Lactobacillus paracasei LP10266 recovered from an endocarditis patient in Shandong, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaifeng","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoben","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4586-0","volume":"19","author":"E Stefanovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stefanovic E, McAuliffe O. 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The study protocol involved humans was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital (SWYX:NO.2020-156). The experiments involved animals in our study were conducted following the ethical guidelines of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS). The euthanasia of animals was referred to American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2020). The animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital (NO. 2020-010). Furthermore, the study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of patient clinical details and clinical images was obtained from the patient. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"183"}}