{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:29:48Z","timestamp":1786976988205,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The most common clinical manifestations of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> strains in the community are skin and soft-tissue infections. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> could colonize the body sites and complicate the pathogenesis of skin diseases. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> colonization is a risk factor for severe conditions such as bone and joint infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains in skin and soft tissue infections and other skin disorders in patients referring to dermatology clinics and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characteristics of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Skin swabs were collected from the lesional sites in 234 outpatients referring to dermatology clinics in three hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and hemolysis tests were performed for isolates. PCR was done for SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> typing, <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic> grouping, and virulence genes detecting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> strains among patients with skin and soft-tissue infections and other skin lesions was 44.77% (30\/67) and 44.91% (75\/167), respectively. Also, 59 (56.19%) isolates were MRSA, 35.57% were HA-MRSA, and 30.5% were CA-MRSA. The <jats:italic>psm\u03b1<\/jats:italic> gene was more prevalent (62.8%) among isolates, followed by <jats:italic>hla<\/jats:italic>\u03b1 (56.1%), <jats:italic>tsst-<\/jats:italic>1 (15.2%) <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic> (13.3%), <jats:italic>etb<\/jats:italic> (6.6%), and <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic> (2.8%). The <jats:italic>agr<\/jats:italic> specificity groups I, II, III, and IV were identified in 49.5, 21.9, 11.4, and 14.2% of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates, respectively. Most (56%) <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates produced a moderate biofilm, and 23.8% of them produced strong biofilms. \u03b1-hemolysin (46.6%), \u03b2-hemolysin (25.7%), \u03b3-hemolysin (19%), and both \u03b1 and \u03b2-hemolysin (5.7%) were also produced by isolates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study results indicated high colonization of skin lesions by HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA clones; MRSA strains were more resistant to antibiotics, contained various toxin genes, and were able to form biofilms. Therefore, they could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases; also, they could spread and cause infections in other body sites. Eradication and decolonization strategies could prevent recurrent infections and the spread of resistant strains and improve skin conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02340-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1634529180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of infectious and non-infectious skin and soft tissue lesions in patients in Tehran"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Haniyeh","family":"Khalili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Najar-Peerayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Mahrooghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7523-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bita","family":"Bakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasubramanian D, Harper L, Shopsin B, Torres VJ. 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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran, Iran) with ethical approval reference number IR.TMU.REC.1395.341. Informed written consent was taken from each participating patient or their parent prior to the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"282"}}