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In this study, the effects of cotton straw biochar and compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer used as modifiers on the biochemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity in Cd-contaminated soils (1, 2, and 4\u00a0mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed that both cotton straw biochar and compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer could improve the soil chemical characteristics, including the increase of soil C\/N ratio, electrical conductance (EC) and pH, and the most important decrease of soil available Cd content by 60.24% and 74.34%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt; 0.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). On the other hand, adding cotton straw biochar and compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer in Cd stressed soil also improved soil biological characteristics. Among them, cotton straw biochar mainly through increasing soil alkaline phosphatase activity and improve bacteria abundance, compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer by increasing soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and urease activity increased bacterial community diversity. On the whole, the decrease of soil available Cd was mainly caused by the increase of soil pH, C\/N, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities, and the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Acidobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, the applications of cotton straw biochar and compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer could decrease soil available Cd concentration, increase soil bacterial community diversity and functions metabolism, and reduce the damage of Cd stress, compared with cotton straw biochar, compound\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofertilizer was more effective in immobilizing Cd and improving soil environmental quality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02445-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T01:03:52Z","timestamp":1643159032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Application of cotton straw biochar and compound Bacillus biofertilizer decrease the bioavailability of soil cd through impacting soil bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yongqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129656","volume":"273","author":"M Heidar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heidar M, Darijani T, Alipour V. 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