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Low efficacy and high cytotoxicity of the current treatment regimens for leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems. In this experimental study, anti-leishmanial effects of different concentrations of resveratrol and resveratrol nano-emulsion (RNE) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNE was prepared using the probe ultra-sonication method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT technique on the L929 cell line. The anti-leishmanial activities on promastigotes of leishmania were assessed using vital staining and infected BALB\/c mice were used to assess the in vivo anti-leishmanial effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that all concentrations of resveratrol and RNE had valuable inhibitory effects against\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                      in comparison to the control group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values were calculated as 16.23 and 35.71\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for resveratrol and RNE, respectively. Resveratrol and RNE showed no cytotoxicity against the L929 cell line.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to the potent in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of RNE at low concentration against\n                      <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      , we suggest that it could be a promising anti-leishmanial therapeutic against\n                      <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02455-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T01:03:51Z","timestamp":1644887031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Anti-leishmanial effects of resveratrol and resveratrol nanoemulsion on Leishmania major"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Parisa","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Rahimi Esboei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pourhajibagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Fakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabihollah","family":"Shahmoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Hassannia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayatollah","family":"Nasrollahi Omran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Hasanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2455_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. 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