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The SPH treatment did not affect their average daily feed intake and daily weight gain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), but reduced colon index and length (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that species richness was increased following SPH intervention (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, SPH reduced the abundance of butyrate- and propionate-producing bacteria\u2014such as\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_uncultured<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Coprococcus 3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae UCG-002<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaerovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014and increased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and protein-fermenting bacteria, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Dialister<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus Saccharimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-006<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae_uncultured<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae UCG-003<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, a lower content of total short-chain fatty acids, propionate, and butyrate and a higher concentration of cadaverine, putrescine, total biogenic amines, ammonia, and isovalerate were observed following SPH infusion (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Further analysis revealed that SPH increased the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8 in the colonic mucosa (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Interestingly, SPH intervention increased the expression of occludin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and claudin-1 in colonic mucosa (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correlation analysis showed that different genera were significantly related to the production of metabolites and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increased soy protein level in the small intestine altered the colonic microbial composition and metabolic profile, which resulted in the secretion of colonic proinflammatory cytokines and the increased expression of tight junction proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02498-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T08:05:55Z","timestamp":1657094755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of the increased protein level in small intestine on the colonic microbiota, inflammation and barrier function in growing pigs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhongxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liren","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqin","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2498_CR1","first-page":"6916189","volume":"2019","author":"J Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao J, Yin J, Xu K, Li T, Yin Y. 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